问题
I want to know: What is android:weightSum and layout weight, and how do they work?
回答1:
Per documentation, android:weightSum defines the maximum weight sum, and is calculated as the sum of the layout_weight of all the children if not specified explicitly.
Let's consider an example with a LinearLayout with horizontal orientation and 3 ImageViews inside it. Now we want these ImageViews always to take equal space. To acheive this, you can set the layout_weight of each ImageView to 1 and the weightSum will be calculated to be equal to 3 as shown in the comment.
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
<!-- android:weightSum="3" -->
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_gravity="center">
<ImageView
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0dp"/>
.....
weightSum is useful for having the layout rendered correctly for any device, which will not happen if you set width and height directly.
回答2:
Adding on to superM's and Jeff's answer,
If there are 2 views in the LinearLayout, the first with a layout_weight of 1, the second with a layout_weight of 2 and no weightSum is specified, by default, the weightSum is calculated to be 3 (sum of the weights of the children) and the first view takes 1/3 of the space while the second takes 2/3.
However, if we were to specify the weightSum as 5, the first would take 1/5th of the space while the second would take 2/5th. So a total of 3/5th of the space would be occupied by the layout keeping the rest empty.
回答3:
Weight sum works exactly as you want (like other answers you don't have to sum all the weights on parent layout). On child view specify the weight you want it to take. Don't forget to specify
android:layout_width="0dp"
Following is an example
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="500dp"
android:layout_height="20dp" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="3"
android:background="@android:color/holo_green_light"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="30%"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" >
</TextView>
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:background="@android:color/holo_blue_bright"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="20%"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" >
</TextView>
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="5"
android:background="@android:color/holo_orange_dark"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="50%"
android:textColor="@android:color/white" >
</TextView>
</LinearLayout>
This will look like
回答4:
The documentation says it best and includes an example, (highlighting mine).
android:weightSum
Defines the maximum weight sum. If unspecified, the sum is computed by adding the layout_weight of all of the children. This can be used for instance to give a single child 50% of the total available space by giving it a layout_weight of 0.5 and setting the weightSum to 1.0.
So to correct superM's example, suppose you have a LinearLayout with horizontal orientation that contains two ImageViews and a TextView with. You define the TextView to have a fixed size, and you'd like the two ImageViews to take up the remaining space equally.
To accomplish this, you would apply layout_weight 1 to each ImageView, none on the TextView, and a weightSum of 2.0 on the LinearLayout.
回答5:
After some experimenting, I think the algorithm for LinearLayout is this:
Assume that weightSum is set to a value. The case of absence is discussed later.
First, divide the weightSum by the number of elements whith match_parent or fill_parent in the dimension of the LinearLayout (e.g. layout_width for orientation="horizontal"). We will call this value the weight multiplier
for each element. The default value for weightSum is 1.0, so the default weight multiplier is 1/n, where n is the number of fill_parent elements; wrap_content elements do not contribute to n.
E.g. when weightSum is 60, and there are 3 fill_parent elements, the weight multiplier is 20. The weight multiplier is the default value for e.g. layout_width if the attribute is absent.
Second, the maximum possible expansion of every element is computed. First, the wrap_content elements are computed according to their contents. Their expansion is deducted from the expansion of the parent container. We will call the remainer expansion_remainer. This remainder is distributed among fill_parent elements according to their layout_weight.
Third, the expansion of every fill_parent element is computed as:
Example:
If weightSum is 60, and there are 3 fill_parent elements with the weigths 10, 20 and 30, their expansion on the screen is 2/3, 1/3 and 0/3 of the parent container.
weight | expansion
0 | 3/3
10 | 2/3
20 | 1/3
30 | 0/3
40 | 0/3
The minimum expansion is capped at 0. The maximum expansion is capped at parent size, i.e. weights are capped at 0.
If an element is set to wrap_content, its expansion is calculated first, and the remaining expansion is subject to distribution among the fill_parent elements. If weightSum is set, this leads to layout_weight having no effect on wrap_content elements.
However, wrap_content elements can still be pushed out of the visible area by elements whose weight is lower than
(e.g. between 0-1 for weightSum= 1 or between 0-20 for the above example).
If no weightSum is specified, it is computed as the sum of all layout_weight values, including elements with wrap_content set! So having layout_weight set on wrap_content elements, can influence their expansion. E.g. a negative weight will shrink the other fill_parent elements.
Before the fill_parent elements are laid out, will the above formula be applied to wrap_content elements, with maximum possible expansion being their expansion according to the wrapped content. The wrap_content elements will be shrunk, and afterwards the maximum possible expansion for the remaining fill_parent elements is computed and distributed.
This can lead to unintuitive results.
回答6:
If unspecified, the sum is computed by adding the layout_weight of all of the children. This can be used for instance to give a single child 50% of the total available space by giving it a layout_weight of 0.5 and setting the weightSum to 1.0. Must be a floating point value, such as "1.2"
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/main_rel"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:weightSum="2.0" >
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/child_one"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1.0"
android:background="#0000FF" >
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/child_two"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1.0"
android:background="#00FF00" >
</RelativeLayout>
</LinearLayout>
回答7:
One thing which seems like no one else mentioned: let's say you have a vertical LinearLayout, so in order for the weights in layout/element/view inside it to work 100% properly - all of them must have layout_height property (which must exist in your xml file) set to 0dp. Seems like any other value would mess things up in some cases.
回答8:
Layout Weight works like a ratio. For example, if there is a vertical layout and there are two items(such as buttons or textviews), one having layout weight 2 and the other having layout weight 3 respectively. Then the 1st item will occupy 2 out of 5 portion of the screen/layout and the other one 3 out of 5 portion. Here 5 is the weight sum. i.e. Weight sum divides the whole layout into defined portions. And Layout Weight defines how much portion does the particular item occupies out of the total Weight Sum pre-defined. Weight sum can be manually declared as well. Buttons, textviews, edittexts etc all are organized using weightsum and layout weight when using linear layouts for UI design.
回答9:
From developer documentation
This can be used for instance to give a single child 50% of the total available space by giving it a layout_weight of 0.5 and setting the weightSum to 1.0.
Addition to @Shubhayu answer
rest 3/5 can be used for other child layouts which really doesn't need any specific portion of containing layout.
this is potential use of android:weightSum property.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7452741/what-is-androidweightsum-in-android-and-how-does-it-work