Conditionally passing arbitrary number of default named arguments to a function

问题

Is it possible to pass arbitrary number of named default arguments to a Python function conditionally ?

For eg. there's a function:

def func(arg, arg2='', arg3='def')

Now logic is that I have a condition which determines if arg3 needs to be passed, I can do it like this:

if condition == True:
    func('arg', arg2='arg2', arg3='some value')
else:
    func('arg', arg2='arg2')

Question is, can I have a shorthand like:

func('arg', 'arg2', 'some value' if condition == True else # nothing so default gets picked
)

回答1:

The only way I can think of would be

func("arg", "arg2", **({"arg3": "some value"} if condition == True else {}))

func("arg", "arg2", *(("some value",) if condition == True else ()))

but please don't do this. Use the code you provided yourself, or something like this:

if condition:
   arg3 = "some value",
else:
   arg3 = ()
func("arg", "arg2", *arg3)

回答2:

That wouldn't be valid Python syntax you have to have something after else. What is done normally is:

func('arg', 'arg2', 'some value' if condition else None)

and function definition is changed accordingly:

def func(arg, arg2='', arg3=None):
    arg3 = 'def' if arg3 is None else arg3

回答3:

If you have a function that has a lot of default arguments

def lots_of_defaults(arg1 = "foo", arg2 = "bar", arg3 = "baz", arg4 = "blah"):
    pass

and you want to pass different values to some of these, based on something else going on in your program, a simple way is to use ** to unpack a dictionary of argument names and values that you constructed based on your program logic.

different_than_defaults = {}
if foobar:
    different_than_defaults["arg1"] = "baaaz"
if barblah:
    different_than_defaults["arg4"] = "bleck"

lots_of_defaults(**different_than_defaults)

This has the benefit of not clogging up your code at the point of calling your function, if there is a lot of logic determining what goes into your call. You'll need to be carefull if you have any arguments that don't have defaults, to include the values you're passing for those before passing your dictionary.

回答4:

You can write a helper function

def caller(func, *args, **kwargs):
    return func(*args, **{k:v for k,v in kwargs.items() if v != caller.DONT_PASS})
caller.DONT_PASS = object()

Use this function to call another function and use caller.DONT_PASS to specify arguments that you don't want to pass.

caller(func, 'arg', 'arg2', arg3 = 'some value' if condition else caller.DONT_PASS)

Note that this caller() only support conditionally passing keyword arguments. To support positional arguments, you may need to use module inspect to inspect the function.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4670665/conditionally-passing-arbitrary-number-of-default-named-arguments-to-a-function

标签

python

function

shorthand