问题
I have a df population that looks something like this (not all columns and rows listed):
Region X1975 X1976 X1977 ... X2008
National Total 942420 93717 94974 132802
Bejing 844.4 845.10 860.50 1695
Tianjin 702.86 706.50 712.87 968.87
Hebei 4913 4943 4998 6989
...
sum 91979 93275 94540 132058
difference 440 441 433 743
The columns go from X1975 to X2008 and have every year in between. What I need is for the population to look like this:
Region Year Population
Bejing 1975 844.4
Bejing 1976 845.10
Bejing 1977 860.50
Bejing 1978 871.50
and on and on for every Region (including National Total, sum, and difference) and for years 2000 and up to not be included. Would like to do this using pivot_longer, but I'm not sure how. This is what I've gotten so far, which does not work.
population %>%
tidyr::pivot_longer( cols = starts_with( 'X' ), names_to = c( ".value", "year" ), names_sep = "(?<=[a-z])(?=[0-9])" ) %>%
dplyr::mutate( year = as.integer( year ) ) -> test
or
population %>%
tidyr::pivot_longer( cols = starts_with( 'X' ), names_to = "year", values_to = "population", ) %>%
dplyr::mutate( year = as.integer( year ) ) -> test
Thanks!
DATA:
dput(population_to_1999)
structure(list(Region = structure(c(21L, 2L, 30L, 11L, 27L, 16L,
20L, 19L, 12L, 26L, 17L, 34L, 1L, 5L, 18L, 25L, 13L, 14L, 15L,
7L, 8L, 10L, 3L, 28L, 9L, 33L, 31L, 24L, 6L, 23L, 22L, 32L, 29L,
4L), .Label = c("Anhui", "Beijing", "Chongqing", "Difference",
"Fujian", "Gansu", "Guangdong", "Guangxi", "Guizhou", "Hainan",
"Hebei", "Heilongjiang", "Henan", "Hubei", "Hunan", "Inner Mongolia",
"Jiangsu", "Jiangxi", "Jilin", "Liaoning", "National Total",
"Ningxia", "Qinghai", "Shaanxi", "Shandong", "Shanghai", "Shanxi",
"Sichuan", "sum", "Tianjin", "Tibet", "Xinjiang", "Yunnan", "Zhejiang"
), class = "factor"), X1975 = c(92420, 844.4, 702.86, 4913, 2340,
1737.9, 3282, 2063.9, 2958.1, 1076.72, 5636.12, 3614.47, 4492,
2297, 2968.5, 6971, 6758, 4408.15, 4991.36, 4858.48, 3201, 496.82,
2592.59, 6874.7, 2530.95, 2884.29, 169.11, 2692, 1804.02, 337.49,
327.92, 1154.53, 91979.38, 440.62), X1976 = c(93717, 845.1, 706.5,
4943, 2373.1, 1769.2, 3311, 2092.6, 3019.4, 1081.3, 5700.76,
3662.82, 4558, 2351, 3048.2, 7038, 6852, 4466.7, 5056.81, 4921.95,
3267, 505.15, 2615.57, 6963, 2585.11, 2951.75, 172.4, 2722, 1825.96,
346.58, 337.93, 1185.8, 93275.69, 441.31), X1977 = c(94974, 860.5,
712.87, 4998, 2398.4, 1798.1, 3345, 2117.9, 3072.5, 1086.47,
5765.28, 3707.4, 4628, 2402, 3118, 7099, 6957, 4520.68, 5111.83,
4985.54, 3329, 516.36, 2628.06, 7031.3, 2640.14, 3024.59, 175.62,
2751, 1847.46, 356.75, 346.71, 1208.97, 94540.43, 433.57), X1978 = c(96259,
871.5, 724.27, 5057, 2423.6, 1823.4, 3394, 2149.3, 3129.6, 1098.28,
5834.33, 3750.96, 4713, 2446, 3182.8, 7160, 7067, 4574.91, 5165.91,
5064.15, 3402, 528.45, 2635.56, 7071.9, 2686.4, 3091.47, 178.82,
2779, 1870.05, 364.86, 355.58, 1233.01, 95827.11, 431.89), X1979 = c(97542,
897.1, 739.42, 5105, 2447.2, 1851.8, 3443, 2184.6, 3168.7, 1132.14,
5892.55, 3792.33, 4803, 2487, 3229, 7232, 7189, 4632.78, 5223.05,
5140.5, 3470, 540.3, 2653.69, 7120.5, 2730.99, 3134.79, 182.69,
2807, 1893.79, 372.02, 364.14, 1255.97, 97116.05, 425.95), X1980 = c(98705,
904.3, 748.91, 5168, 2476.5, 1876.5, 3487, 2210.7, 3203.8, 1146.52,
5938.19, 3826.58, 4893, 2519, 3270.2, 7296, 7285, 4684.45, 5280.95,
5230, 3538, 552.53, 2664.79, 7154.8, 2776.67, 3173.39, 185.28,
2831, 1918.43, 376.9, 373.72, 1283.24, 98274.35, 430.65), X1981 = c(100072,
919.2, 760.32, 5256, 2508.8, 1902.9, 3535, 2230.9, 3239.3, 1162.84,
6010.24, 3871.51, 4957, 2563, 3303.9, 7395, 7397, 4740.35, 5360.05,
5326.97, 3613, 560.77, 2694.05, 7215.6, 2826.78, 3222.77, 185.96,
2865, 1941.4, 381.6, 383.38, 1303.05, 99633.64, 438.36), X1982 = c(101654,
935, 774.92, 5356, 2546, 1941.6, 3592, 2257.6, 3281.1, 1180.51,
6088.94, 3924.32, 5016, 2620, 3348.3, 7494, 7519, 4800.92, 5452.12,
5419.35, 3684, 571.38, 2721.69, 7300.4, 2875.21, 3283.1, 189.25,
2904, 1974.88, 392.79, 393.04, 1315.9, 101153.32, 500.68), X1983 = c(103008,
950, 785.28, 5420, 2588.4, 1969.8, 3629, 2269.5, 3306, 1194.01,
6134.99, 3963.1, 5056, 2668, 3394.5, 7564, 7632, 4865.73, 5509.43,
5501.85, 3733, 580.66, 2738.63, 7336.9, 2901.46, 3330.8, 193.14,
2931, 1999.84, 392.57, 399.05, 1333.3, 102271.94, 736.06), X1984 = c(104357,
965, 795.52, 5487, 2631.5, 1993.1, 3655, 2284.5, 3331, 1204.78,
6171.43, 3993.09, 5103, 2720, 3457.9, 7637, 7737, 4917.75, 5561.32,
5585.61, 3806, 589.31, 2747.75, 7364, 2931.85, 3372.1, 196.68,
2966, 2025.88, 401.61, 406.87, 1344.08, 103383.63, 973.37), X1985 = c(105851,
981, 804.8, 5548, 2673.5, 2015.9, 3686, 2298, 3357, 1216.69,
6213.48, 4029.56, 5156, 2769, 3509.8, 7711, 7847, 4980.19, 5622.49,
5670.65, 3873, 597.51, 2768.26, 7419.3, 2972.18, 3418.1, 199.48,
3002, 2052.89, 407.38, 414.62, 1361.14, 104575.92, 1275.08),
X1986 = c(107507, 1028, 814.97, 5627, 2713.5, 2040.7, 3726,
2315.3, 3385, 1232.33, 6269.9, 4070.07, 5217, 2820, 3575.8,
7818, 7985, 5047.83, 5695.73, 5799.75, 3946, 605.63, 2807.6,
7511.9, 3025.86, 3480, 202.49, 3042, 2085.39, 421.12, 424.33,
1383.64, 106117.84, 1389.16), X1987 = c(109300, 1047, 828.73,
5710, 2758.1, 2066.4, 3777, 2336.4, 3424, 1249.51, 6348,
4121.19, 5287, 2875, 3632.3, 7958, 8148, 5120.27, 5782.61,
5931.79, 4016, 615.08, 2845.14, 7613.2, 3072.58, 3534, 207.95,
3088, 2115.73, 427.9, 435.16, 1406.33, 107778.37, 1521.63
), X1988 = c(111026, 1061, 839.21, 5795, 2807.2, 2093.9,
3826, 2357.4, 3466, 1262.42, 6438.27, 4169.85, 5377, 2929,
3683.9, 8061, 8317, 5184.94, 5915.68, 6066.84, 4088, 626.85,
2873.34, 7716.4, 3127.27, 3594, 212.31, 3140, 2148.15, 434.2,
444.53, 1426.42, 109483.08, 1542.92), X1989 = c(112704, 1075,
852.35, 5881, 2853, 2122.2, 3876, 2395.4, 3510, 1276.45,
6535.85, 4208.88, 5469, 2984, 3746.2, 8160, 8491, 5258.83,
6013.62, 6204.96, 4150, 639.2, 2897.01, 7803.2, 3171, 3648,
215.91, 3198, 2184.86, 440.2, 454.81, 1454.16, 111170.09,
1533.91), X1990 = c(114333, 1086, 866.25, 6159, 2899, 2162.6,
3917, 2440.2, 3543, 1283.35, 6766.9, 4238, 5661, 3037, 3810.6,
8493, 8649, 5439.29, 6110.89, 6347.19, 4242, 662.77, 2920.9,
7892.5, 3267.53, 3730.6, 221.47, 3316, 2254.67, 447.66, 465.68,
1529.16, 113860.21, 472.79), X1991 = c(115823, 1094, 872.63,
6220, 2941.9, 2183.9, 3939, 2459.7, 3575, 1287.2, 6843.7,
4269.5, 5744, 3079, 3864.6, 8570, 8763, 5512.33, 6166.33,
6527.01, 4324, 674.13, 2938.99, 7947.8, 3314.63, 3782.1,
225.03, 3363, 2284.92, 454.43, 473.88, 1554.57, 115250.28,
572.72), X1992 = c(117171, 1102, 878.97, 6275, 2979.3, 2206.6,
3958, 2474, 3608, 1289.37, 6911.2, 4304.4, 5817, 3116, 3913.1,
8610, 8861, 5579.85, 6207.78, 6706.45, 4380, 686.4, 2950.78,
7992.2, 3360.96, 3831.6, 228.53, 3405, 2314.19, 461.02, 482.27,
1580.63, 116471.6, 699.4), X1993 = c(118517, 1112, 885.89,
6334, 3012.6, 2232.4, 3983, 2496.1, 3640, 1294.74, 6967.27,
4334.8, 5870, 3150, 3966, 8642, 8946, 5653.48, 6245.58, 6936.69,
4438, 701, 2964.92, 8037.4, 3408.69, 3885.2, 232.22, 3443,
2345.23, 466.7, 490.86, 1605.26, 117721.03, 795.97), X1994 = c(119850,
1125, 890.55, 6388, 3045.2, 2260.5, 4007, 2515.6, 3672, 1298.81,
7020.54, 4363.7, 5938, 3183, 4015.4, 8671, 9027, 5718.81,
6302.58, 7209.58, 4493, 711.39, 2985.59, 8098.7, 3458.41,
3939.2, 236.14, 3481, 2387.25, 474, 503.87, 1632.7, 119053.52,
796.48), X1995 = c(121121, 1251.1, 894.67, 6437, 3077.3,
2284.4, 4034, 2550.9, 3701, 1301.37, 7066.02, 4389, 6000,
3227, 4062.5, 8705, 9100, 5772.07, 6392, 7387.49, 4543, 723.79,
3001.77, 8161.2, 3508.08, 3989.6, 239.84, 3513, 2437.95,
481.2, 512.38, 1661.35, 120405.98, 715.02), X1996 = c(122389,
1259.4, 898.45, 6484, 3109.3, 2306.6, 4057, 2579.1, 3728,
1304.43, 7110.16, 4413, 6054, 3261, 4105.5, 8738, 9172, 5825.13,
6428, 7569.78, 4589, 734.14, 2875.3, 8215.4, 3555.41, 4041.5,
243.7, 3543, 2466.86, 488.3, 521.21, 1689.29, 121365.96,
1023.04), X1997 = c(123626, 1240, 899.8, 6525, 3140.9, 2325.7,
4077, 2600.1, 3751, 1305.46, 7147.86, 4434.8, 6109, 3282,
4150.3, 8785, 9243, 5872.6, 6465, 7779.69, 4633, 743, 2873.36,
8264.7, 3605.81, 4094, 247.6, 3570, 2494.2, 495.6, 528.94,
1718.08, 122402.5, 1223.5), X1998 = c(124761, 1245.6, 905.09,
6569, 3172.2, 2344.9, 4090, 2603.2, 3773, 1306.58, 7182.46,
4456.2, 6152, 3299, 4191.2, 8838, 9315, 5907.23, 6502, 7990.03,
4675, 752.82, 2870.75, 8315.7, 3657.6, 4143.8, 251.54, 3596,
2519.37, 502.8, 536.57, 1747.35, 123411.99, 1349.01), X1999 = c(125786,
1257.2, 910.17, 6614, 3203.6, 2361.9, 4103, 2616.1, 3792,
1313.12, 7213.13, 4475.4, 6205, 3316, 4231.2, 8883, 9387,
5938.03, 6532, 8217.91, 4713, 761.93, 2860.37, 8358.6, 3710.06,
4192.4, 255.51, 3618, 2542.58, 509.8, 543.29, 1775, 124410.3,
1375.7), X2000 = c(126743, 1363.6, 912, 6674, 3247.8, 2372.4,
4135, 2627.3, 3807, 1321.63, 7327.24, 4679.91, 6278, 3410,
4148.5, 8997, 9488, 5960, 6562.05, 8650.03, 4751, 788.05,
2848.82, 8407.5, 3755.72, 4240.8, 259.83, 3644, 2556.89,
516.5, 554.32, 1849.41, 126134.3, 608.7), X2001 = c(127627,
1385.1, 913.98, 6699, 3271.6, 2377.5, 4147, 2637.1, 3811,
1327.14, 7354.92, 4697.27, 6325, 3440, 4185.8, 9041, 9555,
5974.56, 6595.85, 8733.18, 4788, 795.55, 2829.21, 8436.6,
3798.51, 4287.4, 262.95, 3659, 2575.24, 523.1, 563.22, 1876.19,
126866.97, 760.03), X2002 = c(128453, 1423.2, 919.05, 6735,
3293.7, 2378.6, 4155, 2649.4, 3813, 1334.23, 7380.97, 4730.76,
6369, 3466, 4222.4, 9082, 9613, 5987.8, 6628.5, 8842.08,
4822, 803.13, 2814.83, 8474.5, 3837.28, 4333.1, 266.88, 3674,
2592.58, 528.6, 571.54, 1905.19, 127647.32, 805.68), X2003 = c(129227,
1456.4, 926, 6769, 3314.3, 2379.6, 4162, 2658.6, 3815, 1341.77,
7405.82, 4763.46, 6410, 3488, 4254.2, 9125, 9667, 6001.7,
6662.8, 8962.69, 4857, 810.52, 2803.19, 8529.4, 3869.66,
4375.6, 270.17, 3690, 2603.34, 533.8, 580.19, 1933.95, 128420.16,
806.84), X2004 = c(129988, 1492.7, 932.55, 6809, 3335.1,
2384.4, 4173, 2661.9, 3816.8, 1352.39, 7432.5, 4803.48, 6461,
3511, 4283.6, 9180, 9717, 6016.1, 6697.7, 9110.66, 4889,
817.83, 2793.32, 8595.3, 3903.7, 4415.2, 273.68, 3705, 2618.78,
538.6, 587.71, 1963.11, 129272.11, 715.89), X2005 = c(130756,
1538, 939.31, 6851, 3355.2, 2386.4, 4221, 2669.4, 3820, 1360.26,
7474.5, 4898, 6516, 3535, 4311.2, 9248, 9768, 6031, 6732.1,
9194, 4660, 828, 2798, 8212, 3730, 4450.4, 277, 3720, 2594.36,
543.2, 596.2, 2010.35, 129267.88, 1488.12), X2006 = c(131448,
1581, 948.89, 6898, 3374.6, 2392.4, 4271, 2679.5, 3823, 1368.08,
7549.5, 4980, 6593, 3558, 4339.1, 9309, 9820, 6050, 6768.1,
9304, 4719, 835.88, 2808, 8169, 3757.18, 4483, 281, 3735,
2606.25, 547.7, 603.73, 2050, 130202.91, 1245.09), X2007 = c(132129,
1633, 959.1, 6943, 3392.6, 2405.1, 4298, 2696.1, 3824, 1378.86,
7624.5, 5060, 6676, 3581, 4368.4, 9367, 9869, 6070, 6805.7,
9449, 4768, 845.03, 2816, 8127, 3762.36, 4514, 284.15, 3748,
2617.16, 551.6, 610.25, 2095.19, 131139.1, 989.9), X2008 = c(132802,
1695, 968.87, 6989, 3410.6, 2413.7, 4315, 2710.5, 3825, 1391.04,
7676.5, 5120, 6741, 3604, 4400.1, 9417, 9918, 6110.8, 6845.2,
9544, 4816, 854.18, 2839, 8138, 3793, 4543, 287.08, 3762,
2628.12, 554.3, 617.69, 2130.81, 132058.49, 743.51)),
class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -34L))
回答1:
Here a solution that makes use of num_range for tidy selection of the columns before the call to pivot_longer:
library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)
df_long <- df %>%
select(Region, num_range("X", 1975:1999)) %>%
pivot_longer(-Region,
names_to = "Year",
names_prefix = "X",
values_to = "Population")
> df_long
# A tibble: 850 x 3
Region Year Population
<fct> <chr> <dbl>
1 National Total 1975 92420
2 National Total 1976 93717
3 National Total 1977 94974
4 National Total 1978 96259
5 National Total 1979 97542
6 National Total 1980 98705
7 National Total 1981 100072
8 National Total 1982 101654
9 National Total 1983 103008
10 National Total 1984 104357
# ... with 840 more rows
回答2:
Try this:
library(tidyverse)
#Data
df <- structure(list(Region = c("National", "Bejing", "Tianjin", "Hebei"
), X1975 = c(942420, 844.4, 702.86, 4913), X1976 = c(93717, 845.1,
706.5, 4943), X1977 = c(94974, 860.5, 712.87, 4998), X2008 = c(132802,
1695, 968.87, 6989)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-4L))
#Code
df2 <- pivot_longer(df,cols = -Region) %>%
mutate(name=gsub('X','',name)) %>% rename(Year=name)
# A tibble: 16 x 3
Region Year value
<chr> <chr> <dbl>
1 National 1975 942420
2 National 1976 93717
3 National 1977 94974
4 National 2008 132802
5 Bejing 1975 844.
6 Bejing 1976 845.
7 Bejing 1977 860.
8 Bejing 2008 1695
9 Tianjin 1975 703.
10 Tianjin 1976 706.
11 Tianjin 1977 713.
12 Tianjin 2008 969.
13 Hebei 1975 4913
14 Hebei 1976 4943
15 Hebei 1977 4998
16 Hebei 2008 6989
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63122177/using-pivot-longer-to-turn-multiple-columns-into-one-in-r