问题
It’s a very similar situation like described here, but vice versa. I have Python 3.8 installed via Homebrew and updated that to 3.9:
% brew list --formula | grep python
python@3.8
python@3.9
I want to use Python 3.8 as my default version with python3 command and tried – inspired by this answer – the following:
brew unlink python@3.9
brew unlink python@3.8
brew link python@3.8
The last gave me the following output:
% brew link python@3.8
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.6_2...
Error: Could not symlink bin/pip3
Target /usr/local/bin/pip3
already exists. You may want to remove it:
rm '/usr/local/bin/pip3'
To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files:
brew link --overwrite python@3.8
To list all files that would be deleted:
brew link --overwrite --dry-run python@3.8
So I did:
% brew link --overwrite --dry-run python@3.8
Would remove:
/usr/local/bin/pip3
If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
I thought it would be a good idea to check that first:
ralf@razbook ~ % brew link --force --dry-run python@3.8
Would link:
/usr/local/bin/2to3
/usr/local/bin/2to3-3.8
/usr/local/bin/easy_install-3.8
/usr/local/bin/idle3
/usr/local/bin/idle3.8
/usr/local/bin/pip3
/usr/local/bin/pip3.8
/usr/local/bin/pydoc3
/usr/local/bin/pydoc3.8
/usr/local/bin/python3
/usr/local/bin/python3-config
/usr/local/bin/python3.8
/usr/local/bin/python3.8-config
/usr/local/bin/wheel3
/usr/local/share/man/man1/python3.1
/usr/local/share/man/man1/python3.8.1
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/python-3.8-embed.pc
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/python-3.8.pc
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/python3-embed.pc
/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/python3.pc
/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Headers
/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Python
/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Resources
/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8
/usr/local/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current
If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
Sounds good, so let's do it:
% brew link --force python@3.8
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.6_2...
Error: Could not symlink bin/pip3
Target /usr/local/bin/pip3
already exists. You may want to remove it:
rm '/usr/local/bin/pip3'
To force the link and overwrite all conflicting files:
brew link --overwrite python@3.8
To list all files that would be deleted:
brew link --overwrite --dry-run python@3.8
Unfortunately I skipped the dry-run:
% brew link --overwrite python@3.8
Linking /usr/local/Cellar/python@3.8/3.8.6_2... 25 symlinks created
If you need to have this software first in your PATH instead consider running:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
Something seems to have worked:
% python3 --version
Python 3.8.6
% pip3 --version
pip 20.2.4 from /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)
But still something with pipenv was wrong:
% pipenv install google-ads
Warning: Python 3.9 was not found on your system...
Neither 'pyenv' nor 'asdf' could be found to install Python.
You can specify specific versions of Python with:
$ pipenv --python path/to/python
Perhaps I simply should reinstall pipenv?
% which pipenv
/usr/local/bin/pipenv
% pip3 uninstall pipenv
Found existing installation: pipenv 2020.8.13
Uninstalling pipenv-2020.8.13:
Would remove:
/usr/local/bin/pipenv
/usr/local/bin/pipenv-resolver
/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pipenv-2020.8.13.dist-info/*
/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pipenv/*
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled pipenv-2020.8.13
% pip3 install pipenv
Collecting pipenv
Downloading pipenv-2020.11.15-py2.py3-none-any.whl (3.9 MB)
|████████████████████████████████| 3.9 MB 2.9 MB/s
Requirement already satisfied: pip>=18.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pipenv) (20.2.4)
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pipenv) (20.0.31)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=36.2.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pipenv) (50.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pipenv) (2020.6.20)
Requirement already satisfied: virtualenv-clone>=0.2.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pipenv) (0.5.4)
Requirement already satisfied: distlib<1,>=0.3.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from virtualenv->pipenv) (0.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: filelock<4,>=3.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from virtualenv->pipenv) (3.0.12)
Collecting six<2,>=1.9.0
Using cached six-1.15.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: appdirs<2,>=1.4.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from virtualenv->pipenv) (1.4.4)
Installing collected packages: pipenv, six
Successfully installed pipenv-2020.11.15 six-1.15.0
But still:
% pipenv install google-ads
Warning: Python 3.9 was not found on your system...
Neither 'pyenv' nor 'asdf' could be found to install Python.
You can specify specific versions of Python with:
$ pipenv --python path/to/python
Actually not OK, but let's declare which Python pipenv should use:
% pipenv --python /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3 install google-ads
Creating a virtualenv for this project...
Pipfile: /Users/ralf/code/test_snippets/20-12-10_google_ads/Pipfile
Using /usr/local/opt/python@3.8/bin/python3 (3.8.6) to create virtualenv...
⠦ Creating virtual environment...created virtual environment CPython3.8.6.final.0-64 in 362ms
creator CPython3Posix(dest=/Users/ralf/.local/share/virtualenvs/20-12-10_google_ads-S7vGVfKj, clear=False, global=False)
seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=/Users/ralf/Library/Application Support/virtualenv)
added seed packages: pip==20.2.4, setuptools==50.3.2, wheel==0.35.1
activators BashActivator,CShellActivator,FishActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator,XonshActivator
✔ Successfully created virtual environment!
Virtualenv location: /Users/ralf/.local/share/virtualenvs/20-12-10_google_ads-S7vGVfKj
Warning: Your Pipfile requires python_version 3.9, but you are using 3.8.6 (/Users/ralf/.local/share/v/2/bin/python).
$ pipenv --rm and rebuilding the virtual environment may resolve the issue.
$ pipenv check will surely fail.
Warning: Your Pipfile requires python_version 3.9, but you are using 3.8.6 (/Users/ralf/.local/share/v/2/bin/python).
$ pipenv --rm and rebuilding the virtual environment may resolve the issue.
$ pipenv check will surely fail.
Installing google-ads...
pipenv --rm and rebuilding the virtual environment did not help. (I even consider to simply uninstall Python 3.9 and installing Python 3.8 again – but don't know how.)
Is there a way to persuade pipenv of using Python 3.8?
回答1:
I'm glad you were able to fix the issue your own way, but let me add some advice. Generally speaking, downgrading Python (or really any program) is not usually a supported operation. Upgrading may upgrade dependencies in other packages that are not backwards compatible with older versions of Python or other dependencies. In short, you shouldn't even want to "downgrade" a package, ever.
Instead, you should use multiple independent environments e.g. with virtualenv so that, if ever you need a lower version for some reason, you can replace the entire environment with a new one of lower version (note the subtle difference from "downgrading" because you are using a new environment completely).
回答2:
Well, sometimes it helps to ask the question to find the solution on your own – one of the great things of StackOverflow, by the way.
The hint is in the warning of pipenv: "Your Pipfile requires python_version 3.9".
I simply did
rm Pipfile
rm Pipfile.lock
and then it worked:
pipenv install google-ads
Well, at least pipenv worked correctly with Python 3.8. There is still an issue with google-ads, but that's another story.
Probably it would have been enough to change the Pipfile:
[requires]
python_version = "3.8"
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65337641/switching-python-version-3-9-%e2%86%92-3-8-installed-by-homebrew