Amortized Time Calculation in AVL tree

问题

My professor showed the following problem in class and mentioned that the answer is O(1) while mine was quit different, I hope to get some help knowing of what mistakes did I made.

Question:

Calculate the Amortized Time Complexity for F method in AVL tree, when we start from the minimal node and each time we call F over the last found member.

Description of F: when we are at specific node F continues just like inorder traversal starting from the current one until the next one in inorder traversal for the next call.

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What I did:

First I took an random series of m calls to F.

I said for the first one we need O(log n) - to find the most minimal node then for the next node we need to do inorder again but continues one more step so O(log n)+1 an so on until I scan m elements.

Which gets me to:

To calculate Amortized Time we do T(m)/m then I get:

Which isn't O(1) for sure.

回答1:

The algorithm doesn't start by searching for any node, but instead is already passed a node and will start from that node. E.g. pseudocode for F would look like this:

F(n):
     if n has right child
         n = right child of n

         while n has left child
             n = left child of n

         return n
     else
         prev = n
         cur = parent of n
         while prev is right child of cur and cur is not root
             prev = cur
             cur = parent of prev

         if cur is root and prev is right child of cur
             error "Reached end of traversal"
         else
             return cur

The above code basically does an in-order traversal of a tree starting from a node until the next node is reached.

Amortized runtime:
Pick an arbitrary tree and m. Let r_0 be the lowest common ancestor of all nodes visited by F. Now define r_(n + 1) as the lowest common ancestor of all nodes in the right subtree of r_n that will be returned by F. This recursion bottoms out for r_u, which will be the m-th node in in-order traversal. Any r_n will be returned by F in some iteration, so all nodes in the left subtree of r_n will be returned by F as well.

All nodes that will be visited by F are either also returned by F or are nodes on the path from r_0 to r_u. Since r_0 is an ancestor of r_1 and r_1 is an ancestor of r_2, etc., the path from r_0 to r_u can be at most as long as the right subtree is high. The height of the tree is limited by log_phi(m + 2), so in total at most

m + log_phi(m + 2)

nodes will be visited during m iterations of F. All nodes visited by F form a subtree, so there are at most 2 * (m + log_phi(m + 2)) edges that will be traversed by the algorithm, leading to an amortized runtime-complexity of

2 * (m + log_phi(m + 2)) / m = 2 + 2 * log_phi(m + 2) / m = O(1)

(The above bounds are in reality considerably tighter, but for the calculation presented here completely sufficient)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65314222/amortized-time-calculation-in-avl-tree