开放端口规划：
- mysql-develop：3407
- mysql-test： 3408
- mysql-release： 3409
ps： 1.不推荐使用默认端口-3306，建议自定义端口 2.如果采用阿里云服务器，在安全组开放端口 3.自建服务器依据实际情况打开防火墙开放端口[各个系统防火墙不一样,操作有所不同]，譬如： Centos7 环境-防火墙[firewall-cmd]：
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3407/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3408/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3409/tcp --permanent
4.防火墙[firewall-cmd]常用操作
（1）设置开机启用防火墙：systemctl enable firewalld.service
（2）设置开机禁用防火墙：systemctl disable firewalld.service
（3）启动防火墙：systemctl start firewalld
（4）关闭防火墙：systemctl stop firewalld
（5）检查防火墙状态：systemctl status firewalld
二、使用firewall-cmd配置端口
（1）查看防火墙状态：firewall-cmd --state
（2）重新加载配置：firewall-cmd --reload
（3）查看开放的端口：firewall-cmd --list-ports
（4）开启防火墙端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9200/tcp --permanent
命令含义：
–zone #作用域
–add-port=9200/tcp #添加端口，格式为：端口/通讯协议
–permanent #永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效
注意：添加端口后，必须用命令firewall-cmd --reload重新加载一遍才会生效
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9200/tcp --permanent
（5）关闭防火墙端口：firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=9200/tcp --permanent
查找镜像：docker search mysql
docker search mysql
拉取镜像：docker pull mysql
docker pull mysql
ps：如果不是自建仓库镜像,一般从https://hub.docker.com/拉取官方镜像： docker pull mysql:5.7 # 拉取mysql 5.7 docker pull mysql # 拉取最新版mysql镜像
部署mysql服务： 1.简单命令实例：[主要使用Docker原生命令部署]
docker run -itd -p 3306:3306 --restart always --name mysql-server -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=db-password -e MYSQL_USER=db-username mysql:tag
2.使用docker-compose 部署实例：使用docker-compose搭建 docker-compose.yml文件进行部署可从,github和码云等云仓库git clone 然后修改执行[docker-compose up -d]部署： docker-compose.yml 配置实例：
version: '2'
services:
db:
image: 'mysql/mysql-server:tag'
restart: always
container_name: mysql-server
environment:
MYSQL_USER: username
MYSQL_PASSWORD: password
MYSQL_DATABASE: database
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: password
ports:
- 'server-port[自定义端口]: container-port[默认3306]'
3.使用Docker Portainer可视化界面自建进行部署
Mysql8.0 数据库配置
基于Docker安装的数据库安装完成之后，只能在本地登录,需要进行授权远程访问连接操作。
- 1.创建用户和授权
# 创建自定义myql用户-username 和密码-pssword
create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'pssword';
>ps：create user 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';
# 对自定义用户进行授权操作
grant all privileges on *.* to 'username'@'%' with grant option;
>ps：grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;
# 刷新操作权限[切记此点]
flush privileges;
进入[root@mysql-develop]容器：
root@mysql-develop:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 8.0.18 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> create user 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
如图：
ps： 1.mysql8.0数据操作授权之前得先自定义创建用户，否则无法授权远程登录访问 2.mysql8.0授权无法使用mysql5.7方式： grant all privileges on . to 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019'; 请使用：grant all privileges on . to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;
第一种：grant all privileges on . to 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019' with grant option;
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019' with grant option;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by '123456Abc@2019' with grant option' at line 1
第二种：grant all privileges on . to 'developer'@'%' identified by 123456Abc@2019'；
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'identified by '123456Abc@2019 at line 1
mysql>
3.一定而且必须进行刷新权限操作,否则无法生效，甚至无法授权远程访问
2.mysql8.0远程访问链接[root 和developer]
在 mysql 数据库的 user 表中查看当前用户的相关信息：
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string | plugin |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| % | developer | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2 | caching_sha2_password |
| % | root | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2 | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
_Oo8xLxsqwEOxEkY1i7kToF8VbktysFDQuevvwYqsK61Qi7 | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
root 用户：
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
developer用户：
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'developer'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
修改加密规则:
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456Abc@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456Abc@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
设置完成需要再次验证用户权限信息：
mysql> use mysql
Database changed
mysql> select host, user, authentication_string, plugin from user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string | plugin |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
| % | developer | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2 | mysql_native_password |
| % | root | *F286F2787D69B007CFDE83C115325B2A6FF0B6D2 | mysql_native_password |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED | caching_sha2_password |
_Oo8xLxsqwEOxEkY1i7kToF8VbktysFDQuevvwYqsK61Qi7 | caching_sha2_password |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
到此，Navicat测试连接msql：
ps[注意事项]： 1.mysql8.0版本加密规则插件的plugin 已经换为caching_sha2_password，而之前的版本的加密规则是mysql_native_password，经过实测已经不适用于Navicat 12以下版本,可依据自身情况升级客户端到Navicat 12+，否则会报2059 或者1251 错误。
[Question-01].Navicat 2059错误：
[Question-02].Navicat 1251错误：
2.鉴于第一条的情况，可以将caching_sha2_password修改为mysql_native_password做一个兼容,低版本也可适用。 3.修改加密规则，使得密码长期有效。
完整sql记录：
mysql> use mysql
mysql> create user 'developer'@'%' identified by '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'developer'@'%' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'developer'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456Abc@2019';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GuangDian@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'developer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GuangDian@2019' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
3套mysql环境： mysql-develop： IP：192.168.0.1 Port：3407 Username：root/developer password：123456Abc@2019
mysql-test： IP：192.168.0.2 Port：3408 Username：root/developer password：123456Abc@2019
mysql-release： IP：192.168.0.3 Port：3409 Username：root/developer password：123456Abc@2019
数据文件迁移操作
1.基于mysqldump+docker cp 命令进行操作
- 方式1：直接在宿主机器进行数据备份
docker exec -it docker-id[容器实际部署id] mysqldump -u root -p passowrd --databases dbA dbB > /root/all-databases-backup.sql
- 方式2：先进入到docker在执行mysqldump，然后再将导出的sql拷贝到宿主
#进入docker
docker exec -it docker-id[容器实际部署id] /bin/bash
#可选的
source /etc/profile
#执行导出命令
mysqldump -u username -p password --databases dbA dbB > /root/all-databases-backup.sql
#拷贝到宿主机器
#退出Docker，执行exit命令
exit
#此时，已经在宿主的环境，执行拷贝命令，将sql文件从docker红拷贝出来
docker cp docker-id[容器实际部署id]: /root/all-databases-backup.sql /root/all-databases-backup.sql
2.导入数据文件到容器
#拷贝备份的文件到docker中
docker cp /root/all-databases-backup.sql docker-id[容器实际部署id]:/root/all-databases-backup.sql
#先进入docker环境，然后导入到数据库
docker exec -it xxx /bin/bash
mysql -u username -p password < /root/all-databases-backup.sql
来源：oschina
链接：https://my.oschina.net/2273990296/blog/4331465