使用where or语句操作:
select * from city where id = 1 or id = 3 or id = 4
输出:
1 广州
3 深圳
4 惠州
explain 结果:
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE city ALL PRIMARY NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where
标准使用where in操作:
select * from city where id in (1,3,4)
输出:
1 广州
3 深圳
4 惠州
explain 结果:
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE city ALL PRIMARY NULL NULL NULL 5 Using where
使用union all操作:
SELECT * FROM city where id = 1 union all SELECT * FROM city where id = 3 union all SELECT * FROM city
where id = 4
输出:
1 广州
3 深圳
4 惠州
explain 结果:
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 PRIMARY city const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1
2 UNION city const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1
3 UNION city const PRIMARY PRIMARY 4 const 1
NULL UNION RESULT <union1,2,3> ALL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
使用union all并且支持order by (因为union不支持order by,使用以下方式则支持):
select * from (SELECT * FROM city where id = 1 order by id asc) as t1 UNION ALL select * from (SELECT * FROM city where id = 3 order by id desc) as t2 UNION ALL select * from city where id = 4
1 广州
3 深圳
4 惠州
使用union all并且对最后的结果集进行排序:(本SQL使用了filesort,性能有降低)
select * from (select * from (SELECT * FROM city where id = 1 order by id asc) as t1 UNION ALL select * from (SELECT * FROM city where id = 3 order by id desc) as t2 UNION ALL select * from city where id = 4) as s1 order by id desc
输出:
4 惠州
3 深圳
1 广州
二、Union 和 Union all 的差异:
UNION在进行表链接后会筛选掉重复的记录,所以在表链接后会对所产生的结果集进行排序运算,删除重复的记录再返回
结果。实际大部分应用中是不会产生重复的记录,最常见的是过程表与历史表UNION。
union all 只是简单的将两个结果合并后就返回。这样,如果返回的两个结果集中有重复的数据,那么返回的结果集就会包含重复的数据了。
从效率上说,UNION ALL 要比UNION快很多,所以,如果可以确认合并的两个结果集中不包含重复的数据的话,那么就使用UNION ALL
查询对比:
select rand(1) union select rand(2) union select rand(3);
输出:
0.405403537121977
0.655586646549019
0.90576975597606
select rand(1) union select rand(1) union select rand(1);
输出:0.405403537121977
select rand(1) union all select rand(1) union all select rand(1);
输出:
0.405403537121977
0.405403537121977
0.405403537121977
来源:oschina
链接:https://my.oschina.net/u/103439/blog/122109