Source script to separate environment in R, not the global environment

问题

Is there a way to source() a script in R such that it is attached as a parent to the global environment (.GlobalEnv)?

Currently, when I source a script, all variables and functions of that script appear in my global (interactive) environment. I'd like to include these variables and functions in the search path, but not in .GlobalEnv. That is, I'd like the sourced script to behave like an attached package, which gets attached between the global and base environments (see figure from Advanced R Environments)

回答1:

The simplest way to source a script as if it was a package (i.e. such that lexical scoping won't result in the use of variables defined in the global environment when calling functions defined in your R script) is to create an environment that that is whose parent is the .BaseNamespaceEnv, and then call source() using that environment.

For example if you have a script like this:

# << my-script.R >>
my_fun <- function(x){x + y}

Then evaluating the following at the console, won't generate an error, as it would if my_fun were defined within it's own package:

source("my-script.R")
y = 2
my_fun(1)
#> 3

However, if you create an environment whose search() path does not include the Global Environment (.GlobalEnv) then you'll get a proper error when you call the function from your script:

# Create the environment:
ENV = new.env(parent = .BaseNamespaceEnv)
# Attache it to the search path so that objects in your environment can be
# found from the global environment (i.e. from the console):
attach(ENV)
# do things:
source("my-script.R",ENV)
y = 2
my_fun(1)
#> Error in .ENV$my_fun(3) : object 'y' not found

回答2:

I would also like to a solution using sys.source function. Using envir and toplevel.env arguments allows for convenient (IMHO) bypassing of the global environment. As per the linked documentation:

sys.source [p]arses expressions in the given file, and then successively evaluates them in the specified environment.

tstEnv <- new.env()
sys.source(file = "tst.R", envir = tstEnv, toplevel.env = tstEnv)

where tst.R contains:

a <- 1
b <- 1

Results:

ls(envir = .GlobalEnv)
# [1] "tstEnv"
ls(envir = tstEnv)
# [1] "a" "b"
tstEnv$a
# [1] 1

回答3:

From the source documentation, the local argument can be an environment which determines where the sourced expressions are evaluated.

This suggests that you could create a new environment, run source passing this environment to local, then attach the environment to the search path.

Or you can use attach with what=NULL to create an empty environment, save the return value, and pass that to local in source:

tmp <- attach(what=NULL)
source('test.R', local=tmp)

or as a single line:

source('test.R', local=attach(NULL))

回答4:

The following environment insertion appears to achieve the desired functionality:

Check the current search path:

search()
# [1] ".GlobalEnv"        "package:stats"     "package:graphics"
# [4] "package:grDevices" "package:utils"     "package:datasets"
# [7] "package:methods"   "Autoloads"         "package:base"

Add new environment for sourced packages and use local parameter when source()ing:

myEnv <- new.env()    
source("some_other_script.R", local=myEnv)
attach(myEnv, name="sourced_scripts")

Check the search path:

search()
#  [1] ".GlobalEnv"        "sourced_scripts"   "package:dplyr"
#  [4] "package:stats"     "package:graphics"  "package:grDevices"
#  [7] "package:utils"     "package:datasets"  "package:methods"
# [10] "Autoloads"         "package:base"

Note that we attach() the new environment after sourcing, so that dplyr is attached after our script environment in the search path.

回答5:

I'm not sure if my answer is any different from the answers given above, but I use the following code:

if (!exists('.env')) .env <- new.env() # creates an environment in which to store functions
if ('.env' %in% search()) detach(.env) # detaches .env if it already exists; does not "erase" functions previously stored in .env
func <- "filenameWhereSourceCodeIsStored"
source(paste0("C:/Users/JT/R/Functions/", func, ".R"), .env)
attach(.env)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39620669/source-script-to-separate-environment-in-r-not-the-global-environment