How to Parse a webpage | 易学教程

问题

I am attempting to extract the following from the EnviroCanada weather page.

I am trying to get for each hour as per the following.

Time | Thigh | Tlow | Humidity

7:00 | 23 | 22.9 | 30

Extracted HTML Page:

<tr>
         <td headers="header1" class="text-center vertical-center"> 7:00 </td>
        <td headers="header2" class="media vertical-center"><span class="pull-left"><img class="media-object" height="35" width="35" src="/weathericons/small/02.png" /></span><div class="visible-xs visible-sm">
            <br />
            <br />
          </div>
          <div class="media-body">
            <p>Partly Cloudy</p>
          </div>
        </td>
        <td headers="header3m" class=" metricData text-center vertical-center">23
                                            �(22.9)
                                        </td>
        <td headers="header3i" class=" imperialData hidden text-center vertical-center">73
                                            �(73.2)
                                        </td>
        <td headers="header4m" class="metricData text-center vertical-center">
          <abbr title="West-Northwest">WNW</abbr> 8</td>
        <td headers="header4i" class="imperialData hidden text-center vertical-center">
          <abbr title="West-Northwest">WNW</abbr> 5</td>
        <td headers="header6" class="metricData text-center vertical-center">30</td>
        <td headers="header6" class="imperialData hidden text-center vertical-center">87</td>
        <td headers="header7" class="text-center vertical-center">83</td>
        <td headers="header8" class="metricData text-center vertical-center">20</td>
        <td headers="header8" class="imperialData hidden text-center vertical-center">68</td>
        <td headers="header9m" class="metricData text-center vertical-center">100.7</td>
        <td headers="header9i" class="imperialData hidden text-center vertical-center">29.7</td>
        <td headers="header10" class="metricData text-center vertical-center">24</td>
        <td headers="header10" class="imperialData hidden text-center vertical-center">15</td>
      </tr>

Code so far:

use strict;
use warnings;
use LWP::Simple;
use HTML::TokeParser;


 my $url = "http://weather.gc.ca/past_conditions/index_e.html?station=yyz";
 my $page = get($url) ||
die "Could not load URL\n";


 my $parser = HTML::TokeParser->new(\$page) ||
die "Parse error\n";

 $parser->get_tag("td") foreach ();
 $parser->get_tag("");
 my $time = $parser->get_text();

  ??
 my $thigh = $parser->get_text();


 ???
 my $tlow = $parser->get_text();

 ???
 my $humid = $parser->get_text();

I'm Completely lost here

回答1:

Once you fetch the page with LWP::Simple, you can pick a specific tool depending on what needs to be done with it, instead of using a general parser.

In this case you have a table on your hands and I'd recommend HTML::TableExtract. With it you can cleanly retrieve table elements in a number of ways and then process them. It can work with multiple tables, make use of headers, set up parsing preferences, and more. Normally you don't have to even look at the actual HTML. The module is a subclass of HTML::Parser. In my experience it's been a very good tool.

Here is some basic code, for this particular page and task.

use warnings;
use strict;
use LWP::Simple;
use HTML::TableExtract;

my $url = "http://weather.gc.ca/past_conditions/index_e.html?station=yyz";
my $page = get($url) or die "Can't load $url: $!";

my $headers = [ 'Time', 'Temperature', 'Humidex' ];

my $tec = HTML::TableExtract->new(headers => $headers);
$tec->parse($page);

my $fmt = "%6s | %6s | %6s | %8s\n";    
printf($fmt, 'Time', 'T-high', 'T-low', 'Humidex');    

my ($time, $temp_hi, $temp_low, $hum);

foreach my $rrow ($tec->rows) {
    # Skip rows without expected data. Clean up leading/trailing spaces.
    next if $rrow->[0] !~ /^\s*\d?\d:\d\d/;
    my @row = map { s|^\s*||; s|\s*$||; $_ } @$rrow;
    # Process as needed
    ($time, $hum) = @row[0,2];
    ($temp_hi, $temp_low) = $row[1] =~ /(\d+) .* \( (\d+\.\d+) \)/xs;
    printf($fmt, $time, $temp_hi, $temp_low, $hum);
}

The first few rows of output

  Time | T-high |  T-low |  Humidex
 16:00 |     29 |   29.2 |       37
 15:00 |     27 |   27.2 |       37
 14:00 |     26 |   25.6 |       33
...

Comments.

The headers attribute for new makes it extract columns only under those headings. The loop variable is a reference, to an array with row elements. The elements are raw text in cells.

The first line skips rows that don't have the expected format – a possible digit \d? followed by another digit, then : then two digits. This is for time, 3:00 or 03:00.

The arrayref $rrow is extracted into an array @row for clarity. The sought elements in particular columns, @row[0,2] are used as they come. The one in $row[1] is parsed by a regex, which captures a number (\d+) and then two numbers separated by a ., with possible intervening text (.*). These captures are returned by regex, and assigned to the other two variables.

See the module's documentation and, if needed, tutorials on references perlreftut and on regular expressions perlretut. Another useful page is the Data Structures Cookbook perldsc. For other introductions see Tutorials. They typically have links to more specific docs.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38252228/how-to-parse-a-webpage

标签

perl

lwp