问题
I'm trying to reshape my data. At first glance, it sounds like a transpose, but it's not. I tried melts, stack/unstack, joins, etc.
Use Case
I want to have only one row per unique individual, and put all job history on the columns. For clients, it can be easier to read information across rows rather than reading through columns.
Here's the data:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
data1 = {'Name': ["Joe", "Joe", "Joe","Jane","Jane"],
'Job': ["Analyst","Manager","Director","Analyst","Manager"],
'Job Eff Date': ["1/1/2015","1/1/2016","7/1/2016","1/1/2015","1/1/2016"]}
df2 = pd.DataFrame(data1, columns=['Name', 'Job', 'Job Eff Date'])
df2
Here's what I want it to look like: Desired Output Table
回答1:
.T within groupby
def tgrp(df):
df = df.drop('Name', axis=1)
return df.reset_index(drop=True).T
df2.groupby('Name').apply(tgrp).unstack()
Explanation
groupby returns an object that contains information on how the original series or dataframe has been grouped. Instead of performing a groupby with a subsquent action of some sort, we could first assign the df2.groupby('Name') to a variable (I often do), say gb.
gb = df2.groupby('Name')
On this object gb we could call .mean() to get an average of each group. Or .last() to get the last element (row) of each group. Or .transform(lambda x: (x - x.mean()) / x.std()) to get a zscore transformation within each group. When there is something you want to do within a group that doesn't have a predefined function, there is still .apply().
.apply() for a groupby object is different than it is for a dataframe. For a dataframe, .apply() takes callable object as its argument and applies that callable to each column (or row) in the object. the object that is passed to that callable is a pd.Series. When you are using .apply in a dataframe context, it is helpful to keep this fact in mind. In the context of a groupby object, the object passed to the callable argument is a dataframe. In fact, that dataframe is one of the groups specified by the groupby.
When I write such functions to pass to groupby.apply, I typically define the parameter as df to reflect that it is a dataframe.
Ok, so we have:
df2.groupby('Name').apply(tgrp)
This generates a sub-dataframe for each 'Name' and passes that sub-dataframe to the function tgrp. Then the groupby object recombines all such groups having gone through the tgrp function back together again.
It'll look like this.
I took the OP's original attempt to simply transpose to heart. But I had to do some things first. Had I simply done:
df2[df2.Name == 'Jane'].T
df2[df2.Name == 'Joe'].T
Combining these manually (without groupby):
pd.concat([df2[df2.Name == 'Jane'].T, df2[df2.Name == 'Joe'].T])
Whoa! Now that's ugly. Obviously the index values of [0, 1, 2] don't mesh with [3, 4]. So let's reset.
pd.concat([df2[df2.Name == 'Jane'].reset_index(drop=True).T,
df2[df2.Name == 'Joe'].reset_index(drop=True).T])
That's much better. But now we are getting into the territory groupby was intended to handle. So let it handle it.
Back to
df2.groupby('Name').apply(tgrp)
The only thing missing here is that we want to unstack the results to get the desired output.
回答2:
Say you start by unstacking:
df2 = df2.set_index(['Name', 'Job']).unstack()
>>> df2
Job Eff Date
Job Analyst Director Manager
Name
Jane 1/1/2015 None 1/1/2016
Joe 1/1/2015 7/1/2016 1/1/2016
In [29]:
df2
Now, to make things easier, flatten the multi-index:
df2.columns = df2.columns.get_level_values(1)
>>> df2
Job Analyst Director Manager
Name
Jane 1/1/2015 None 1/1/2016
Joe 1/1/2015 7/1/2016 1/1/2016
Now, just manipulate the columns:
cols = []
for i, c in enumerate(df2.columns):
col = 'Job %d' % i
df2[col] = c
cols.append(col)
col = 'Eff Date %d' % i
df2[col] = df2[c]
cols.append(col)
>>> df2[cols]
Job Job 0 Eff Date 0 Job 1 Eff Date 1 Job 2 Eff Date 2
Name
Jane Analyst 1/1/2015 Director None Manager 1/1/2016
Joe Analyst 1/1/2015 Director 7/1/2016 Manager 1/1/2016
Edit
Jane was never a director (alas). The above code states that Jane became Director at None date. To change the result so that it specifies that Jane became None at None date (which is a matter of taste), replace
df2[col] = c
by
df2[col] = [None if d is None else c for d in df2[c]]
This gives
Job Job 0 Eff Date 0 Job 1 Eff Date 1 Job 2 Eff Date 2
Name
Jane Analyst 1/1/2015 None None Manager 1/1/2016
Joe Analyst 1/1/2015 Director 7/1/2016 Manager 1/1/2016
回答3:
Here is a possible workaround. Here, I first create a dictionary of the proper form and create a DataFrame based on the new dictionary:
df = pd.DataFrame(data1)
dic = {}
for name, jobs in df.groupby('Name').groups.iteritems():
if not dic:
dic['Name'] = []
dic['Name'].append(name)
for j, job in enumerate(jobs, 1):
jobstr = 'Job {0}'.format(j)
jobeffdatestr = 'Job Eff Date {0}'.format(j)
if jobstr not in dic:
dic[jobstr] = ['']*(len(dic['Name'])-1)
dic[jobeffdatestr] = ['']*(len(dic['Name'])-1)
dic[jobstr].append(df['Job'].ix[job])
dic[jobeffdatestr].append(df['Job Eff Date'].ix[job])
df2 = pd.DataFrame(dic).set_index('Name')
## Job 1 Job 2 Job 3 Job Eff Date 1 Job Eff Date 2 Job Eff Date 3
## Name
## Jane Analyst Manager 1/1/2015 1/1/2016
## Joe Analyst Manager Director 1/1/2015 1/1/2016 7/1/2016
回答4:
g = df2.groupby('Name').groups
names = list(g.keys())
data2 = {'Name': names}
cols = ['Name']
temp1 = [g[y] for y in names]
job_str = 'Job'
job_date_str = 'Job Eff Date'
for i in range(max([len(x) for x in g.values()])):
temp = [x[i] if len(x) > i else '' for x in temp1]
job_str_curr = job_str + str(i+1)
job_date_curr = job_date_str + str(i + 1)
data2[job_str + str(i+1)] = df2[job_str].ix[temp].values
data2[job_date_str + str(i+1)] = df2[job_date_str].ix[temp].values
cols.extend([job_str_curr, job_date_curr])
df3 = pd.DataFrame(data2, columns=cols)
df3 = df3.fillna('')
print(df3)
Name Job1 Job Eff Date1 Job2 Job Eff Date2 Job3 Job Eff Date3 0 Jane Analyst 1/1/2015 Manager 1/1/2016 1 Joe Analyst 1/1/2015 Manager 1/1/2016 Director 7/1/2016
回答5:
This is not exactly what you were asking but here is a way to print the data frame as you wanted:
df = pd.DataFrame(data1)
for name, jobs in df.groupby('Name').groups.iteritems():
print '{0:<15}'.format(name),
for job in jobs:
print '{0:<15}{1:<15}'.format(df['Job'].ix[job], df['Job Eff Date'].ix[job]),
print
## Jane Analyst 1/1/2015 Manager 1/1/2016
## Joe Analyst 1/1/2015 Manager 1/1/2016 Director 7/1/2016
回答6:
Diving into @piRSquared answer....
def tgrp(df):
df = df.drop('Name', axis=1)
print df, '\n'
out = df.reset_index(drop=True)
print out, '\n'
out.T
print out.T, '\n\n'
return out.T
dfxx = df2.groupby('Name').apply(tgrp).unstack()
dfxx
The output of above. Why does pandas repeat the first group? Is this a bug?
Job Job Eff Date
3 Analyst 1/1/2015
4 Manager 1/1/2016
Job Job Eff Date
0 Analyst 1/1/2015
1 Manager 1/1/2016
0 1
Job Analyst Manager
Job Eff Date 1/1/2015 1/1/2016
Job Job Eff Date
3 Analyst 1/1/2015
4 Manager 1/1/2016
Job Job Eff Date
0 Analyst 1/1/2015
1 Manager 1/1/2016
0 1
Job Analyst Manager
Job Eff Date 1/1/2015 1/1/2016
Job Job Eff Date
0 Analyst 1/1/2015
1 Manager 1/1/2016
2 Director 7/1/2016
Job Job Eff Date
0 Analyst 1/1/2015
1 Manager 1/1/2016
2 Director 7/1/2016
0 1 2
Job Analyst Manager Director
Job Eff Date 1/1/2015 1/1/2016 7/1/2016
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38681821/reshape-pandas-dataframe-from-rows-to-columns