问题
Using python's optparse module I would like to add extra example lines below the regular usage output. My current help_print() output looks like this:
usage: check_dell.py [options]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-s, --storage checks virtual and physical disks
-c, --chassis checks specified chassis components
I would like it to include usage examples for the less *nix literate users at my work. Something like this:
usage: check_dell.py [options]
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-s, --storage checks virtual and physical disks
-c, --chassis checks specified chassis components
Examples:
check_dell -c all
check_dell -c fans memory voltage
check_dell -s
How would I accomplish this? What optparse options allow for such? Current code:
import optparse
def main():
parser = optparse.OptionParser()
parser.add_option('-s', '--storage', action='store_true', default=False, help='checks virtual and physical disks')
parser.add_option('-c', '--chassis', action='store_true', default=False, help='checks specified chassis components')
(opts, args) = parser.parse_args()
回答1:
parser = optparse.OptionParser(epilog="otherstuff")
The default format_epilog
strips the newlines (uses textwrap), so you would need to override format_epilog
in your parser like this.
def main():
class MyParser(optparse.OptionParser):
def format_epilog(self, formatter):
return self.epilog
parser =MyParser(epilog=
"""Examples:
check_dell -c all
check_dell -c fans memory voltage
check_dell -s
""")
...
Here's a bit more detail.
If you look in optparse.py
in the class OptionParser
there is a method called format_epilog
which is called by format_help
here is the snippet from optparse.py
def format_epilog(self, formatter):
return formatter.format_epilog(self.epilog)
def format_help(self, formatter=None):
if formatter is None:
formatter = self.formatter
result = []
if self.usage:
result.append(self.get_usage() + "\n")
if self.description:
result.append(self.format_description(formatter) + "\n")
result.append(self.format_option_help(formatter))
result.append(self.format_epilog(formatter))
return "".join(result)
The default behaviour of formatter.format_epilog
is to use textwrap.fill
which amongst other things, strips the newlines from the epilog. Since we want the newlines to be preserved, we subclass OptionParser
and change the behaviour of format_epilog
回答2:
Elaborating on the winning answer (which helped me solve the same problem in my own code), one quick-and-dirty option is to directly override the class's method with an identity method:
optparse.OptionParser.format_epilog = lambda self, formatter: self.epilog
optparser = optparse.OptionParser(epilog=helptext)
to get helptext printed as a verbatim epilog.
I think this overrides the epilog formatting for all uses of the OptionParser class in your program, however, so all such epilogs must be passed in verbatim where you use OptionParser elsewhere in your program.
回答3:
Use the usage
parameter:
usage = "usage: %prog [options] arg1 arg2"
parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
You can add more through (just an example):
group = OptionGroup(parser, "Dangerous Options",
"Caution: use these options at your own risk. "
"It is believed that some of them bite.")
group.add_option("-g", action="store_true", help="Group option.")
parser.add_option_group(group)
Example output:
usage: [options] arg1 arg2
options: -h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose make lots of noise [default]
-q, --quiet be vewwy quiet (I'm hunting wabbits)
-fFILE, --file=FILE write output to FILE
-mMODE, --mode=MODE interaction mode: one of 'novice', 'intermediate', [default], 'expert'Dangerous Options: Caution: use of these options is at your own risk. It is believed that some of them bite. -g Group option.
Have a look here.
回答4:
Another idea on how to do this would be disabling the default behavior for -h
and printing your own help screen, which can include the default one:
from optparse import OptionParser
parser = OptionParser(add_help_option=False,
epilog="This can't be easily\n multilined")
parser.add_option('-h', '--help', dest='help', action='store_true',
help='show this help message and exit')
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if options.help:
parser.print_help()
print 'now we have an epilog'
print 'with as many lines as you wish'
sys.exit()
That is basically what the parser does with the default behavior of add_help_option=True
, excluding of course the print
s.
But, in all honesty, I'd also prefer a way to simply add any given number of description lines in the beginning and in the end.
回答5:
There is a description
parameter you can pass to the OptionParser
constructor. This allows you to include arbitrary text that appears after usage
, but before the list of options.
See 16.4.3.1. Creating the parser.
回答6:
I subclassed IndentedHelpFormatter, and it was pretty simple:
class PlainHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
def format_description(self, description):
if description:
return description + "\n"
else:
return ""
def format_epilog(self, epilog):
if epilog:
return epilog + "\n"
else:
return ""
来源:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1857346/python-optparse-how-to-include-additional-info-in-usage-output