How to use GL.Ortho in OpenTK correctly?

问题

I paint some figures using GLControl (OpenTK) in Windows forms. However, the problem is that I cannot figure out, how to use GL.Ortho() method.

Here is the code I have written:

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void GlControlPaint(object sender, PaintEventArgs e)
    {
        GlControl.MakeCurrent();
        GL.Clear(ClearBufferMask.ColorBufferBit | ClearBufferMask.DepthBufferBit);


        GL.Viewport(150, 150, 300, 300);
        //GL.Ortho(0, 1, 0, 1, -1, 1);
        GL.ClearColor(Color.White);

        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, 0.2, 0.2, 0.45, 0.2, 0.45, -0.2, 0.2, -0.2);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, 0.1, -0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, -0.2);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, -0.2, -0.2, -0.45, -0.2, -0.45, 0.2, -0.2, 0.2);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, -0.1, 0.1, -0.1, -0.1, -0.2, -0.2, -0.2, 0.2);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, -0.1, 0.1, -0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, 0.1, -0.1, 0.2, -0.2, -0.2, -0.2, -0.1, -0.1);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, -0.2, 0.2, -0.2, 0.45, 0.2, 0.45, 0.2, 0.2);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.Quads, Color.Cyan, 0.2, -0.2, 0.2, -0.45, -0.2, -0.45, -0.2, -0.2);
        PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode.LineLoop, Color.Black, -0.1, -0.1, 0.1, -0.1, 0.1, 0.1, -0.1, 0.1);

        PaintBordersForMainFigure();



        GlControl.SwapBuffers();
        GlControl.Refresh();

    }

    private void PaintBordersForMainFigure()
    {
        PaintLine(Color.Black, 0.2, 0.2, 0.45, 0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, 0.45, 0.2, 0.45, -0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, 0.45, -0.2, 0.2, -0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, 0.2, -0.2, 0.2, -0.45);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, 0.2, -0.45, -0.2, -0.45);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, -0.2, -0.45, -0.2, -0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, -0.2, -0.2, -0.45, -0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, -0.45, -0.2, -0.45, 0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, -0.45, 0.2, -0.2, 0.2);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, -0.2, 0.2, -0.2, 0.45);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, -0.2, 0.45, 0.2, 0.45);
        PaintLine(Color.Black, 0.2, 0.45, 0.2, 0.2);
    }

    private static void PaintLine(Color color, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)
    {
        GL.Color3(color);

        GL.Begin(BeginMode.Lines);

        GL.Vertex2(x1, y1);
        GL.Vertex2(x2, y2);

        GL.End();
    }

    private static void PaintSquareOrBorder(BeginMode beginMode, Color color, double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, double x3, double y3, double x4, double y4)
    {
        GL.Color3(color);

        GL.Begin(beginMode);

        GL.Vertex2(x1, y1);
        GL.Vertex2(x2, y2);
        GL.Vertex2(x3, y3);
        GL.Vertex2(x4, y4);

        GL.End();
    }
}

This is the result I get without GL.Ortho:

This is the result I would like to get with GL.Ortho

But if I uncomment the GL.Ortho code, I get this:

At first I thought, that as I use 2d objects only, I should use Ortho2D for that. However, I found out that Gl.Ortho2d does not exist in OpenTK. Using official documentation I found out, that there isn't that much of a difference between these 2, except for the fact that when Ortho2d is used near and far parameters are implicitly set to -1 and 1 respectively.

Having set those parameters, I get a white screen. I would like to know, what am I doing wrong?

DISCLAIMER: I don't need the exact coordinates to achieve the result in the screenshot. I just use it in order for you to see what I am trying to do. What I would like to get the idea why my window is completely blank when I use Gl.Ortho2d.

回答1:

The problem is that GL.Ortho() multiplies the current matrix with an orthographic matrix. So with each rendered frame you keep multiplying your matrix with a new orthographic matrix, and your view drifts away somewhere where you cant see anything.

Change it to something like that, and you see a nice animation:

GL.Ortho(-0.99, 1, -0.99, 1, -1, 1);

Add those two lines in front of your GL.Ortho() call, this way the matrix is an identity matrix before you multiply it with your orthographic matrix.

GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
GL.LoadIdentity();

回答2:

This is how i do at my project. Hope that helps. But i dont remember why i did in this way.

GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Projection);
Matrix4 ortho = Matrix4.CreateOrthographic(glControl1.Width, glControl1.Height, 10, 3000);
GL.LoadMatrix(ref ortho);
v = Matrix4.LookAt(0, 0, 100, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0);
GL.MatrixMode(MatrixMode.Modelview);
GL.LoadMatrix(ref  v);

my viewport is GL.Viewport(0, 0, glControl1.Width, glControl1.Height);

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15477367/how-to-use-gl-ortho-in-opentk-correctly

标签

.net

opengl

opentk