How to read struct field ` ` decorators?

问题

My package needs to be able to let my users define the fields backend database column name explicitly, if they want to.

By default I will use the fields name - but sometimes they will need to manually specify the column name, just like the JSON package - unmarshal uses the explicit name if required.

How can I consume this explicit value in my code? I don't even know what it's called so Google is really failing me at the moment.

Here's what JSON's unmarshal function needs for example:

type User struct {
    Name string
    LastName    string  `json:"last_name"`
    CategoryId  int     `json:"category_id"`
}

What would I need to use something like this?

// Paprika is my package name.
type User struct {
    Name string
    LastName    string   `paprika:"last_name"`
    CategoryId  int      `paprika:"category_id"`
}

My package will be constructing SQL queries and I can't just rely on the field's name - I need to be able to let them manually set the column name. So this is working with only the defined columns at the moment.

// Extracts resource information using reflection and
// saves field names and types.
func loadTypeToSchema(resource interface{}) {
    resourceType := reflect.TypeOf(resource)

    // Grab the resource struct Name.
    fullName := resourceType.String()
    name := fullName[strings.Index(fullName, ".")+1:]

    // Grabs the resource struct fields and types.
    fieldCount := resourceType.NumField()
    fields := make(map[string]string)
    for i := 0; i <= fieldCount-1; i++ {
        field := resourceType.Field(i)
        fields[field.Name] = field.Type.Name()
    }

    // Add resource information to schema map.
    schema[name] = fields
}

回答1:

First of all, what you call decorators are actually called tags. You can read these tags using reflection. The reflect package even has its own example for that.

Nevertheless, here's another example that prints all tags of the members of a struct (Click to play):

type Foo struct {
    A int `tag for A`
    B int `tag for B`
    C int
}

func main() {
    f := Foo{}
    t := reflect.TypeOf(f)

    for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
        fmt.Println(t.Field(i).Tag)
    }
}

Note that in case f is a pointer, e.g. a *Foo, you'd have to indirect (dereference) that value first or else the type returned by TypeOf is not a struct but a pointer and NumField as well as Field() would not work.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/23840362/how-to-read-struct-field-decorators

标签

json

struct

unmarshalling