Is there anyway to know when the screen has been updated/refreshed (OpenGL or DirectX maybe?)

问题

I currently have an application I'm writing in c# (using .NET) that requires me to start a timer as soon as a user sees an image on screen up until they respond with a key press.

Now I realise that practically this is very difficult given the monitor input lag and response time, the time the keyboard takes to physically send the message, the OS to process it, etc.

But I'm trying my best to reduce it down to mostly a constant error (the response time results will be used to compare one user to the next so a constant error isn't really an issue). However annoying hurdle is the variable caused by the monitor refresh rate, as I gather when my onPaint message is called and done with, it doesn't mean the image has actually been processed and sent from the graphics buffer?

Unfortunately time restrictions and other commitments would realistically restrict me to continuing this task in c# for windows.

So what I was wondering was if either handling all the drawing in OpenGL or DirectX or better still for me if it is possible to just using either OpenGL or DirectX to create an event when the screen is updated?

Another suggestion given to me previously was regarding V-Sync, if I switch this off is the image sent as soon as it is drawn? as opposed to sending images at a set rate synchronised to the monitor refresh rate?

回答1:

You must render your graphic in a separate thread in order to:

Use vertical synchronisation to have a precise timing of the effective display of your image.
Get the precise timing of your user input (since user interface is not on the same thread than the render loop.

Initialise Direct3D to enable the VSync during render :

// DirectX example
presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
presentParams.BackBufferCount = 1;
presentParams.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.One;

device = new Device(...

Perform the render in a separate thread:

Thread renderThread = new Thread(RenderLoop);
renderThread.Start();

shouldDisplayImageEvent = new AutoResetEvent();

Then use the following render loop:

void RenderLoop()
{
    while(applicationActive)
    {
          device.BeginScene();

        // Other rendering task

        if (shouldDisplayImageEvent.WaitOne(0))
        {
            // Render image
            // ...

            userResponseStopwatch = new Stopwatch();
            userResponseStopwatch.Start();
        }

        device.EndScene();

        device.Present();
    }
}

Then handle the user input :

void OnUserInput(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    if (userResponseStopwatch != null)
    {
        userResponseStopwatch.Stop();

        float userResponseDuration = userResponseStopwatch.ElapsedMillisecond - 1000 / device.DisplayMode.RefreshRate - displayDeviceDelayConstant;
        userResponseStopwatch = null;
    }
}

You now use the shouldDisplayImageEvent.Set() event trigger to display the image as needed and start the stop watch.

回答2:

First enable the VSync on your application idle loop :

// DirectX example
presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard;
presentParams.BackBufferCount = 1;
presentParams.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.One;

device = new Device(...

Application.Idle += new EventHandler(OnApplicationIdle);

// More on this here : http://blogs.msdn.com/tmiller/archive/2005/05/05/415008.aspx
internal void OnApplicationIdle(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    Msg msg = new Msg();
    while (true)
    {
        if (PeekMessage(out msg, IntPtr.Zero, 0, 0, 0))
            break;
    }

    // Clearing render
    // ...

    if (displayImage)
    {
        // Render image
        // ...

        renderTime = DateTime.now();
    }
    device.Present();
}

With the vsync enabled, the device.Present function block until the next frame synchronisation, so if you compute the time between renderTime and the user input time and remove the display device delay + 16.67ms you should get your user response delay.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10972533/is-there-anyway-to-know-when-the-screen-has-been-updated-refreshed-opengl-or-di

标签

opengl

directx

vsync