expand file names that have environment variables in their path

问题

What's the best way to expand

${MyPath}/filename.txt to /home/user/filename.txt

%MyPath%/filename.txt to c:\Documents and settings\user\filename.txt

with out traversing the path string looking for environement variables directly? I see that wxWidgets has a wxExpandEnvVars function. I can't use wxWidgets in this case, so I was hoping to find a boost::filesystem equivalent or similar. I am only using the home directory as an example, I am looking for general purpose path expansion.

回答1:

For UNIX (or at least POSIX) systems, have a look at wordexp:

#include <iostream>
#include <wordexp.h>
using namespace std;
int main() {
  wordexp_t p;
  char** w;
  wordexp( "$HOME/bin", &p, 0 );
  w = p.we_wordv;
  for (size_t i=0; i<p.we_wordc;i++ ) cout << w[i] << endl;
  wordfree( &p );
  return 0;
}

It seems it will even do glob-like expansions (which may or may not be useful for your particular situation).

回答2:

On Windows, you can use ExpandEnvironmentStrings. Not sure about a Unix equivalent yet.

回答3:

If you have the luxury of using C++11, then regular expressions are quite handy. I wrote a version for updating in place and a declarative version.

#include <string>
#include <regex>

// Update the input string.
void autoExpandEnvironmentVariables( std::string & text ) {
    static std::regex env( "\\$\\{([^}]+)\\}" );
    std::smatch match;
    while ( std::regex_search( text, match, env ) ) {
        const char * s = getenv( match[1].str().c_str() );
        const std::string var( s == NULL ? "" : s );
        text.replace( match[0].first, match[0].second, var );
    }
}

// Leave input alone and return new string.
std::string expandEnvironmentVariables( const std::string & input ) {
    std::string text = input;
    autoExpandEnvironmentVariables( text );
    return text;
}

An advantage of this approach is that it can be adapted easily to cope with syntactic variations and deal with wide strings too. (Compiled and tested using Clang on OS X with the flag -std=c++0x)

回答4:

Simple and portable:

#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>

static std::string expand_environment_variables( const std::string &s ) {
    if( s.find( "${" ) == std::string::npos ) return s;

    std::string pre  = s.substr( 0, s.find( "${" ) );
    std::string post = s.substr( s.find( "${" ) + 2 );

    if( post.find( '}' ) == std::string::npos ) return s;

    std::string variable = post.substr( 0, post.find( '}' ) );
    std::string value    = "";

    post = post.substr( post.find( '}' ) + 1 );

    const *v = getenv( variable.c_str() );
    if( v != NULL ) value = std::string( v );

    return expand_environment_variables( pre + value + post );
}

expand_environment_variables( "${HOME}/.myconfigfile" ); yields /home/joe/.myconfigfile

回答5:

Within the C/C++ language, here is what I do to resolve environmental variables under Unix. The fs_parm pointer would contain the filespec (or text) of possible environmental variables to be expanded. The space that wrkSpc points to must be MAX_PATH+60 chars long. The double quotes in the echo string are to prevent the wild cards from being processed. Most default shells should be able to handle this.


   FILE *fp1;

   sprintf(wrkSpc, "echo \"%s\" 2>/dev/null", fs_parm);
   if ((fp1 = popen(wrkSpc, "r")) == NULL || /* do echo cmd     */
       fgets(wrkSpc, MAX_NAME, fp1) == NULL)/* Get echo results */
   {                        /* open/get pipe failed             */
     pclose(fp1);           /* close pipe                       */
     return (P_ERROR);      /* pipe function failed             */
   }
   pclose(fp1);             /* close pipe                       */
   wrkSpc[strlen(wrkSpc)-1] = '\0';/* remove newline            */

For MS Windows, use the ExpandEnvironmentStrings() function.

回答6:

This is what I use:

const unsigned short expandEnvVars(std::string& original)
{
    const boost::regex envscan("%([0-9A-Za-z\\/]*)%");
    const boost::sregex_iterator end;
    typedef std::list<std::tuple<const std::string,const std::string>> t2StrLst;
    t2StrLst replacements;
    for (boost::sregex_iterator rit(original.begin(), original.end(), envscan); rit != end; ++rit)
        replacements.push_back(std::make_pair((*rit)[0],(*rit)[1]));
    unsigned short cnt = 0;
    for (t2StrLst::const_iterator lit = replacements.begin(); lit != replacements.end(); ++lit)
    {
        const char* expanded = std::getenv(std::get<1>(*lit).c_str());
        if (expanded == NULL)
            continue;
        boost::replace_all(original, std::get<0>(*lit), expanded);
        cnt++;
    }
    return cnt;
}

回答7:

As the question is tagged "wxWidgets", you can use wxExpandEnvVars() function used by wxConfig for its environment variable expansion. The function itself is unfortunately not documented but it basically does what you think it should and expands any occurrences of $VAR, $(VAR) or ${VAR} on all platforms and also of %VAR% under Windows only.

回答8:

Using Qt, this works for me:

#include <QString>
#include <QRegExp>

QString expand_environment_variables( QString s )
{
    QString r(s);
    QRegExp env_var("\\$([A-Za-z0-9_]+)");
    int i;

    while((i = env_var.indexIn(r)) != -1) {
        QByteArray value(qgetenv(env_var.cap(1).toLatin1().data()));
        if(value.size() > 0) {
            r.remove(i, env_var.matchedLength());
            r.insert(i, value);
        } else
            break;
    }
    return r;
}

expand_environment_variables(QString("$HOME/.myconfigfile")); yields /home/martin/.myconfigfile (It also works with nested expansions)

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1902681/expand-file-names-that-have-environment-variables-in-their-path

标签

c++

wxwidgets

boost-filesystem