How do I run an terminal command in a swift script? (e.g. xcodebuild)

问题

I want to replace my CI bash scripts with swift. I can't figure out how to invoke normal terminal command such as ls or xcodebuild

#!/usr/bin/env xcrun swift

import Foundation // Works
println("Test") // Works
ls // Fails
xcodebuild -workspace myApp.xcworkspace // Fails

---

$ ./script.swift
./script.swift:5:1: error: use of unresolved identifier 'ls'
ls // Fails
^
... etc ....

回答1:

If you don't use command outputs in Swift code, following would be sufficient:

#!/usr/bin/env swift

import Foundation

@discardableResult
func shell(_ args: String...) -> Int32 {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = args
    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return task.terminationStatus
}

shell("ls")
shell("xcodebuild", "-workspace", "myApp.xcworkspace")

Updated: for Swift3/Xcode8

回答2:

If you would like to use command line arguments "exactly" as you would in command line (without separating all the arguments), try the following.

(This answer improves off of LegoLess's answer and can be used in Swift 4 Xcode 9.3)

func shell(_ command: String) -> String {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/bin/bash"
    task.arguments = ["-c", command]

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output: String = NSString(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)! as String

    return output
}

// Example usage:
shell("ls -la")

回答3:

The problem here is that you cannot mix and match Bash and Swift. You already know how to run Swift script from command line, now you need to add the methods to execute Shell commands in Swift. In summary from PracticalSwift blog:

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String?
{
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

    return output
}

The following Swift code will execute xcodebuild with arguments and then output the result.

shell("xcodebuild", ["-workspace", "myApp.xcworkspace"]);

As for searching the directory contents (which is what ls does in Bash), I suggest using NSFileManager and scanning the directory directly in Swift, instead of Bash output, which can be a pain to parse.

回答4:

Utility function In Swift 3.0

This also returns the tasks termination status and waits for completion.

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) -> (String? , Int32) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.standardError = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}

回答5:

If you'd like to use the bash environment for calling commands use the following bash function which uses a fixed up version of Legoless. I had to remove a trailing newline from the shell function's result.

Swift 3.0:(Xcode8)

import Foundation

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String
{
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
    if output.characters.count > 0 {
        //remove newline character.
        let lastIndex = output.index(before: output.endIndex)
        return output[output.startIndex ..< lastIndex]
    }
    return output
}

func bash(command: String, arguments: [String]) -> String {
    let whichPathForCommand = shell(launchPath: "/bin/bash", arguments: [ "-l", "-c", "which \(command)" ])
    return shell(launchPath: whichPathForCommand, arguments: arguments)
}

For example to get the current working git branch of the current working directory:

let currentBranch = bash("git", arguments: ["describe", "--contains", "--all", "HEAD"])
print("current branch:\(currentBranch)")

回答6:

Full script based on Legoless's answer

#!/usr/bin/env swift

import Foundation

func printShell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) {
    let output = shell(launchPath: launchPath, arguments: arguments)

    if (output != nil) {
        print(output!)
    }
}

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String] = []) -> String? {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

    return output
}

// > ls
// > ls -a -g
printShell(launchPath: "/bin/ls")
printShell(launchPath: "/bin/ls", arguments:["-a", "-g"])

回答7:

Updating for Swift 4.0 (dealing with changes to String)

func shell(launchPath: String, arguments: [String]) -> String
{
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.launch()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)!
    if output.count > 0 {
        //remove newline character.
        let lastIndex = output.index(before: output.endIndex)
        return String(output[output.startIndex ..< lastIndex])
    }
    return output
}

func bash(command: String, arguments: [String]) -> String {
    let whichPathForCommand = shell(launchPath: "/bin/bash", arguments: [ "-l", "-c", "which \(command)" ])
    return shell(launchPath: whichPathForCommand, arguments: arguments)
}

回答8:

Just to update this since Apple has deprecated both .launchPath and launch(), here's an updated utility function for Swift 4 that should be a little more future proof.

Note: Apple's documentation on the replacements (run(), executableURL, etc) are basically empty at this point.

import Foundation

// wrapper function for shell commands
// must provide full path to executable
func shell(_ launchPath: String, _ arguments: [String] = []) -> (String?, Int32) {
  let task = Process()
  task.executableURL = URL(fileURLWithPath: launchPath)
  task.arguments = arguments

  let pipe = Pipe()
  task.standardOutput = pipe
  task.standardError = pipe

  do {
    try task.run()
  } catch {
    // handle errors
    print("Error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
  }

  let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
  let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)

  task.waitUntilExit()
  return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}


// valid directory listing test
let (goodOutput, goodStatus) = shell("/bin/ls", ["-la"])
if let out = goodOutput { print("\(out)") }
print("Returned \(goodStatus)\n")

// invalid test
let (badOutput, badStatus) = shell("ls")

Should be able to paste this directly into a playground to see it in action.

回答9:

Mixing rintaro and Legoless's answers for Swift 3

@discardableResult
func shell(_ args: String...) -> String {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = "/usr/bin/env"
    task.arguments = args

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe

    task.launch()
    task.waitUntilExit()

    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

    guard let output: String = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) else {
        return ""
    }
    return output
}

回答10:

Small improvement with the support for env variables:

func shell(launchPath: String,
           arguments: [String] = [],
           environment: [String : String]? = nil) -> (String , Int32) {
    let task = Process()
    task.launchPath = launchPath
    task.arguments = arguments
    if let environment = environment {
        task.environment = environment
    }

    let pipe = Pipe()
    task.standardOutput = pipe
    task.standardError = pipe
    task.launch()
    let data = pipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
    let output = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) ?? ""
    task.waitUntilExit()
    return (output, task.terminationStatus)
}

回答11:

Example of using Process class to run a Python script.

Also:

 - added basic exception handling
 - setting environment variables (in my case I had to do it to get Google SDK to authenticate correctly)
 - arguments 







 import Cocoa

func shellTask(_ url: URL, arguments:[String], environment:[String : String]) throws ->(String?, String?){
   let task = Process()
   task.executableURL = url
   task.arguments =  arguments
   task.environment = environment

   let outputPipe = Pipe()
   let errorPipe = Pipe()

   task.standardOutput = outputPipe
   task.standardError = errorPipe
   try task.run()

   let outputData = outputPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()
   let errorData = errorPipe.fileHandleForReading.readDataToEndOfFile()

   let output = String(decoding: outputData, as: UTF8.self)
   let error = String(decoding: errorData, as: UTF8.self)

   return (output,error)
}

func pythonUploadTask()
{
   let url = URL(fileURLWithPath: "/usr/bin/python")
   let pythonScript =  "upload.py"

   let fileToUpload = "/CuteCat.mp4"
   let arguments = [pythonScript,fileToUpload]
   var environment = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment
   environment["PATH"]="usr/local/bin"
   environment["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"] = "/Users/j.chudzynski/GoogleCredentials/credentials.json"
   do {
      let result = try shellTask(url, arguments: arguments, environment: environment)
      if let output = result.0
      {
         print(output)
      }
      if let output = result.1
      {
         print(output)
      }

   } catch  {
      print("Unexpected error:\(error)")
   }
}

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26971240/how-do-i-run-an-terminal-command-in-a-swift-script-e-g-xcodebuild