CROSS/OUTER APPLY in MySQL

Question

I need to use CROSS APPLY in MySQL (EC2 RDS MySQL instance). Looks like MySQL doesn't recognise the CROSS APPLY Syntax. Can someone help me please?

Here's the query.

SELECT ORD.ID
    ,ORD.NAME
    ,ORD.DATE
    ,ORD_HIST.VALUE
FROM ORD
CROSS APPLY (
    SELECT TOP 1 ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
    FROM ORD_HISTORY
    WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
        AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
    ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
    ) ORD_HIST

Answer 1

Your closest direct approximation is a join with a correlated sub-query as the predicate.

SELECT
   ORD.ID
  ,ORD.NAME
  ,ORD.DATE
  ,ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
FROM
  ORD
INNER JOIN
  ORD_HISTORY
    ON  ORD_HISTORY.<PRIMARY_KEY>
        =
        (SELECT ORD_HISTORY.<PRIMARY_KEY>
           FROM ORD_HISTORY
          WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
            AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
       ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
          LIMIT 1
        )

In your case, however, you only need one field from the target table. This means that you are able to use the correlated sub-query directly in the SELECT statement.

SELECT
   ORD.ID
  ,ORD.NAME
  ,ORD.DATE
  ,(SELECT ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
      FROM ORD_HISTORY
     WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
       AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
  ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
     LIMIT 1
   )   AS VALUE
FROM
  ORD

Answer 2

Starting from MySQL 8.0.14 you could use LATERAL:

A derived table now may be preceded by the LATERAL keyword to specify that it is permitted to refer to (depend on) columns of preceding tables in the same FROM clause. A derived table specified with LATERAL can occur only in a FROM clause, either in a list of tables separated with commas or in a join specification (JOIN, INNER JOIN, CROSS JOIN, LEFT [OUTER] JOIN, or RIGHT [OUTER] JOIN). Lateral derived tables make possible certain SQL operations that cannot be done with nonlateral derived tables or that require less-efficient workarounds

CROSS APPLY () <=> ,LATERAL ()
OUTER APPLY () <=> LEFT JOIN LATERAL () ON 1=1

Support for LATERAL derived tables added to MySQL 8.0.14

And in this case:

SELECT ORD.ID
    ,ORD.NAME
    ,ORD.DATE
    ,ORD_HIST.VALUE
FROM ORD,
LATERAL (
    SELECT ORD_HISTORY.VALUE
    FROM ORD_HISTORY
    WHERE ORD.ID = ORD_HISTORY.ID
        AND ORD.DATE <= ORD_HISTORY.DATE
    ORDER BY ORD_HISTORY.DATE DESC
    LIMIT 1
    ) ORD_HIST