Cannot Export PrivateKey Before Import Using RSACng and RsaParameter

问题

the next unit test export a privatekey and save it in bytes arrays using the rsa instance then encrypt the "hi" message, all is fine here, but the problem occur when It make rsa2 instance and import the previous privatekey in RSAParameter, then message can be decrypt after import privatekey, but It throw exception when you try to export privatekey of rsa2.

Please could you tell me why It can't extract Imported Private key

    [TestMethod]
    public void TestRsa()
    {
        var rsa = new RSACng(2048);
        ///Export private key to arrays
        var rsaParam = rsa.ExportParameters(true);
        byte[] yQ = new byte[rsaParam.Q.Length];
        byte[] yP = new byte[rsaParam.P.Length];

        byte[] yInverseQ = new byte[rsaParam.InverseQ.Length];
        byte[] yDP = new byte[rsaParam.DP.Length];
        byte[] yDQ = new byte[rsaParam.DQ.Length];

        //Public Part Key
        byte[] yPm = new byte[rsaParam.Modulus.Length];
        byte[] yPe = new byte[rsaParam.Exponent.Length];
        byte[] yD = new byte[rsaParam.D.Length];

        rsaParam.Q.CopyTo(yQ, 0);
        rsaParam.P.CopyTo(yP, 0);
        rsaParam.InverseQ.CopyTo(yInverseQ, 0);
        rsaParam.DP.CopyTo(yDP, 0);
        rsaParam.DQ.CopyTo(yDQ, 0);
        rsaParam.Modulus.CopyTo(yPm, 0);
        rsaParam.Exponent.CopyTo(yPe, 0);
        rsaParam.D.CopyTo(yD, 0);

        var encrypt = rsa.Encrypt(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hi"), RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1);

        ///Importing private key in another instance of RSACng
        var rsa2 = new RSACng(2048);
        RSAParameters rsaParameters = new RSAParameters()
        {
            Q = yQ,
            P = yP,
            InverseQ = yInverseQ,
            DP = yDP,
            D = yD,
            DQ = yDQ,
            Exponent = yPe,
            Modulus = yPm
        };
        rsa2.ImportParameters(rsaParameters);
        var decryptData = rsa2.Decrypt(encrypt, RSAEncryptionPadding.Pkcs1);
        Assert.AreEqual(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptData), "hi");

        rsa2.ExportParameters(true);///How can I prevent exception here
  }

Thanks all!

回答1:

In .NET Core the RSACng object should be in an exportable state when you use ImportParameters, and it should be the case in .NET Framework 4.7.2 as well.

You can put into an exportable state as long as you change the export policy before using the key (by trying to call Export or doing a sign/decrypt/encrypt/verify operation). For example, this works:

using (RSA rsa1 = new RSACng(2048))
using (RSACng rsa2 = new RSACng())
{
    rsa2.ImportParameters(rsa1.ExportParameters(true));

    rsa2.Key.SetProperty(
        new CngProperty(
            "Export Policy",
            BitConverter.GetBytes((int)CngExportPolicies.AllowPlaintextExport),
            CngPropertyOptions.Persist));

    RSAParameters params2 = rsa2.ExportParameters(true);
    Console.WriteLine(params2.D.Length);
}

Using the NCRYPT_EXPORT_POLICY_PROPERTY described at https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa376242(v=vs.85).aspx.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/48634822/cannot-export-privatekey-before-import-using-rsacng-and-rsaparameter