Improve ranking times on multiple JSONB fields search in PostgreSQL

问题

My search times are actually quite fast now but as soon as I start to rank them for the best results I hit a wall. The more hits I get, the slower it gets. For uncommon terms the search takes ~2ms and for more common ones it's ~900ms+. In the example I have gathered all possible structures within my data (simple, arrays, nested arrays).

CREATE TABLE book (
  id   BIGSERIAL NOT NULL,
  data JSONB     NOT NULL
);

Then I build a function which concatenate the name values of my nested array field 'author':

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION author_function(
  IN  data        JSONB,
  OUT resultNames TSVECTOR
)
  RETURNS TSVECTOR AS $$
DECLARE
  authorRecords   RECORD;
  combinedAuthors JSONB [];
  singleAuthor    JSONB;
BEGIN
  FOR authorRecords IN (SELECT value
                        FROM jsonb_array_elements(data #> '{authors}'))
  LOOP
    combinedAuthors := combinedAuthors || authorRecords.value;
  END LOOP;
  FOREACH singleAuthor IN ARRAY coalesce(combinedAuthors, '{}')
  LOOP
    resultNames := resultNames ||
                   coalesce(to_tsvector('english', singleAuthor ->> 'name'), to_tsvector('english', ''));
  END LOOP;
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;

And I need a function on which I can build an index for multiple concatenated fields:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION multi_field_function(
  IN data JSONB
)
  RETURNS TSVECTOR AS $$
BEGIN
  RETURN
  coalesce(to_tsvector('english', data ->> 'title'),
           to_tsvector('english', '')) ||
  coalesce(to_tsvector('english', data ->> 'subtitles'),
           to_tsvector('english', '')) ||
  coalesce(author_function(data),
           to_tsvector('english', ''));
END; $$
LANGUAGE plpgsql
IMMUTABLE;

Now I need to build the indices.

CREATE INDEX book_title_idx
  ON book USING GIN (to_tsvector('english', book.data ->> 'title'));
CREATE INDEX book_subtitle_idx
  ON book USING GIN (to_tsvector('english', book.data ->> 'subtitles'));
CREATE INDEX book_author_idx
  ON book USING GIN (author_function(book.data));
CREATE INDEX book_multi_field_idx
  ON book USING GIN (multi_field_function(book.data));

Lastly I add some test data:

INSERT INTO book (data)
VALUES (CAST('{"title": "Cats",' ||
             '"subtitles": ["Cats", "Dogs"],' ||
             '"author": [{"id": 0, "name": "Cats"}, ' ||
             '           {"id": 1, "name": "Dogs"}]}' AS JSONB));
INSERT INTO book (data)
VALUES (CAST('{"title": "ats",' ||
             '"subtitles": ["Cats", "ogs"],' ||
             '"author": [{"id": 2, "name": "ats"}, ' ||
             '           {"id": 3, "name": "ogs"}]}' AS JSONB));

When I query on my multi_field_function I get the results listed as I want them.

EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT *
FROM (
       SELECT
         id,
         data,
         ts_rank(query, 'cat:*') AS score
       FROM
         book,
             multi_field_function(data) query
       WHERE multi_field_function(data) @@ to_tsquery('cat:*')
       ORDER BY score DESC) a
WHERE score > 0
ORDER BY score DESC;

On my real data this results in the following query plan. There you can see that only the last step the ranking is really slow.

Sort  (cost=7921.72..7927.87 rows=2460 width=143) (actual time=949.644..952.263 rows=16926 loops=1)
  Sort Key: (ts_rank(query.query, '''cat'':*'::tsquery)) DESC
  Sort Method: external merge  Disk: 4376kB
  ->  Nested Loop  (cost=47.31..7783.17 rows=2460 width=143) (actual time=3.750..933.719 rows=16926 loops=1)
        ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on book  (cost=47.06..7690.67 rows=2460 width=1305) (actual time=3.582..11.904 rows=16926 loops=1)
              Recheck Cond: (multi_field_function(data) @@ to_tsquery('cat:*'::text))
              Heap Blocks: exact=3695
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on book_multi_field_idx  (cost=0.00..46.45 rows=2460 width=0) (actual time=3.128..3.128 rows=16926 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: (multi_field_function(data) @@ to_tsquery('cat:*'::text))
        ->  Function Scan on multi_field_function query  (cost=0.25..0.27 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.049..0.049 rows=1 loops=16926)
              Filter: (ts_rank(query, '''cat'':*'::tsquery) > '0'::double precision)
Planning time: 0.163 ms
Execution time: 953.624 ms

Is there any way I can keep my json structure and still be able to get good and fast search results for multiple fields?

EDIT: I had to adapt Vao Tsun's query because it didn't recognize 'query' from the inner FROM.

EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT
  *,
  ts_rank(query, 'cat:*') AS score
FROM (
       SELECT
         id,
         data
       FROM
         book
       WHERE multi_field_function(data) @@ to_tsquery('cat:*')
     ) a,
      multi_field_function(a.data) query
ORDER BY score DESC;

Sadly the performance didn't change much:

Sort  (cost=7880.82..7886.97 rows=2460 width=1343) (actual time=863.542..875.035 rows=16840 loops=1)
  Sort Key: (ts_rank(query.query, '''cat'':*'::tsquery)) DESC
  Sort Method: external merge  Disk: 25280kB
  ->  Nested Loop  (cost=43.31..7742.27 rows=2460 width=1343) (actual time=3.570..821.861 rows=16840 loops=1)
        ->  Bitmap Heap Scan on book  (cost=43.06..7686.67 rows=2460 width=1307) (actual time=3.362..12.085 rows=16840 loops=1)
              Recheck Cond: (multi_field_function(data) @@ to_tsquery('cat:*'::text))
              Heap Blocks: exact=1
              ->  Bitmap Index Scan on book_multi_field_idx  (cost=0.00..42.45 rows=2460 width=0) (actual time=2.934..2.934 rows=16840 loops=1)
                    Index Cond: (multi_field_function(data) @@ to_tsquery('cat:*'::text))
        ->  Function Scan on multi_field_function query  (cost=0.25..0.26 rows=1 width=32) (actual time=0.047..0.047 rows=1 loops=16840)
Planning time: 0.090 ms
Execution time: 879.736 ms

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41042639/improve-ranking-times-on-multiple-jsonb-fields-search-in-postgresql

标签

postgresql

indexing

full-text-search

ranking

jsonb