MyISAM vs InnoDB for quick inserts and a composite unique key

问题

Context: I'm creating a multi-threaded application that will be inserting/updating rows very frequently.

Originally I had the following table:

#TABLE 1
CREATE TABLE `example` (
  `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `state` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`, `state`))
ENGINE = MyISAM;

However after doing some research I found that MySQL uses table-level locking for MyISAM tables permitting only one session to update those tables at a time (source). Not good for a multi-threaded application making frequent changes to the table.

As such, it was suggested that I switch from a composite primary key to an auto-generated primary key with a unique index for id/state. This would allow for quick inserts while still enforcing the unique combination of the id/state.

#TABLE 2
CREATE TABLE `example` (
  `key` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `state` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`key`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `ID_STATE` (`id` ASC, `state` ASC))
ENGINE = MyISAM;

InnoDB however avoids table locks and instead uses row-level locking (source) so I thought of switching over to the following:

#TABLE 3
CREATE TABLE `example` (
  `key` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `state` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`key`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `ID_STATE` (`id` ASC, `state` ASC))
ENGINE = InnoDB;

But after reading up about InnoDB, I discovered InnoDB organizes data using a clustered index and secondary indexes require multiple look ups. One for the secondary index and another for the primary key (source). As such I'm debating switching to the following:

#TABLE 4
CREATE TABLE `example` (
  `id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL,
  `state` VARCHAR(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`, `state`))
ENGINE = InnoDB;

I'm wondering if all my assumptions are correct:

MyISAM table locks the entire table for INSERTS, UPDATES, and DELETES permitting only one session to update those tables at a time
InnoDB handles INSERTS with composite primary keys quicker than MyISAM. This is because InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, does not lock the entire table to scan and reserve a new primary key.
When using InnoDB I should make a composite primary key rather than a composite unique index because a secondary index requires multiple look ups.
I should be using Table 4

回答1:

1-yes, 2-yes, 3-yes, 4-yes.

Also...

Do you really need BIGINT? Won't 4 billion values in INT UNSIGNED suffice? (And save half the space.) Presumably id is the PK of some other table? If so, that table would need changing, too.
Can state be normalized? Or turned into an ENUM? Again saving space.

Item 3 is worse than mentioned because of the need to lock on two unique keys.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/38256015/myisam-vs-innodb-for-quick-inserts-and-a-composite-unique-key

标签

mysql

InnoDB

MyISAM

composite-primary-key