How do I format a Date field of a .CSV file with multiple commas in a string field

问题

I have a .CSV file (file.csv) whose data are all enclosed in double quotes. Sample format of the file is as below:

column1,column2,column3,column4,column5,column6, column7, Column8, Column9, Column10
"12","B000QRIGJ4","4432","string with quotes, and with a comma, and colon: in between","4432","author1, name","890","88","11-OCT-11","12"
"4432","B000QRIGJ4","890","another, string with quotes, and with more than, two commas: in between","455","author2, name","12","455","12-OCT-11","55"
"11","B000QRIGJ4","77","string with, commas and (paranthesis) and : colans, in between","12","author3, name","333","22","13-OCT-11","232"

The 9th field is the date field in the format "DD-MMM-YY". I have to convert it to the format YYYY/MM/DD. I am trying to use the below code, but of no use.

awk -F, '
 BEGIN {
 split("JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC", month, " ")
 for (i=1; i<=12; i++) mdigit[month[i]]=i
 }
 { m=substr($9,4,3)
 $9 = sprintf("%02d/%02d/"20"%02d",mdigit[m],substr($9,1,2),substr($9,8,20))
 print
 }' OFS="," file.csv > temp_file.csv

The out put of the file temp_file.csv after executing the above code is as shown below.

column1,column2,column3,column4,column5,column6,column7,Column8,00/00/2000,Column10
"12","B000QRIGJ4","4432","string with quotes, and with a comma, and colon: in between","4432","author1,00/00/2000,"890","88","11-OCT-11","12"
"4432","B000QRIGJ4","890","another, string with quotes, and with more than, two commas: in between","455",00/00/2002, name","12","455","12-OCT-11","55"
"11","B000QRIGJ4","77","string with, commas and (paranthesis) and : colans, in between","12","author3,00/00/2000,"333","22","13-OCT-11","232"

As far as I am understand, the issue is with the commas in the double quote as my code is taking them into consideration too... Please suggest on the below questions:

1) Does the double quoting all the values in all the fields make any difference? If they make any difference, how do I get rid of them from all the values except the strings with commas in them? 2) Any modifications to my code so I could format the 9th field which in the format "DD-MMM-YYYY" to YYYY/MM/DD

回答1:

You can try the following one-liner:

awk '
BEGIN {
    FS = OFS = ","
    split("JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC", month, / /)
    for (i=1; i<=12; i++) {
        mm[month[i]]=i
    }
}
NR>1 { 
    gsub(/\"/, "", $(NF-1))
    split($(NF-1), d, /-/)
    $(NF-1)=q "20" d[3] "/" mm[d[2]] "/" d[1] q}1' q='"' file

Output:

column1,column2,column3,column4,column5,column6, column7, Column8, Column9, Column10
"12","B000QRIGJ4","4432","string with quotes, and with a comma, and colon: in between","4432","author1, name","890","88","2011/10/11","12"
"4432","B000QRIGJ4","890","another, string with quotes, and with more than, two commas: in between","455","author2, name","12","455","2011/10/12","55"
"11","B000QRIGJ4","77","string with, commas and (paranthesis) and : colans, in between","12","author3, name","333","22","2011/10/13","232"

回答2:

I would strongly recommend you to use proper CSV parser. For example using Text::CSV_XS in Perl will do the job right and in sane way. For example this one-liner:

perl -MText::CSV_XS -E'$csv=Text::CSV_XS->new({eol=>"\n", allow_whitespace=>1});@m=qw(JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC);@m{@m}=(1 .. @m);while(my $row=$csv->getline(ARGV)){($d,$m,$y)=split("-",$row->[8]);$row->[8]=sprintf"%02d/%02d/%04d",$d,$m{$m},$y if $m{$m};$csv->print(STDOUT, $row)}' file.csv > temp_file.csv

回答3:

You can try this awk,

awk -F"\"" 'BEGIN { OFS="\"" }{ "date -d "$18" +%Y/%m/%d" | getline $18; print $0; }' yourfile.txt

Output:

"12","B000QRIGJ4","4432","string with quotes, and with a comma, and colon: in between","4432","author1,name","890","88","2011/10/11","12"
"4432","B000QRIGJ4","890","another, string with quotes, and with more than, two commas: in between","455","author2,name","12","455","2011/10/12","55"
"11","B000QRIGJ4","77","string with, commas and (paranthesis) and : colans, in between","12","author3,name","333","22","2011/10/13","232"

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19394901/how-do-i-format-a-date-field-of-a-csv-file-with-multiple-commas-in-a-string-fie

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Linux

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