Error “GraphViz's executables not found” when calling GraphViz layout from NetworkX in iPython notebook

问题

I received the error "InvocationException: GraphViz's executables not found, error GraphViz's executables not found" when trying to use the method graphviz_layout in my code. The code works fine when graphviz_layout is replaced by spring_layout. From the throwback exception information, it looks like it calls pydot_layout. I have the pydot module installed through Canopy's package manager, but importing it does not help. I have also pip installed graphviz and imported it with no luck.

Here is my code:

import networkx as nx
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

keywordTreeFile = open('decode_wordnet/keywordTreeFile.TXT','r') #keyword generation file
keywordTreeFileLineData = keywordTreeFile.readlines()

G = nx.Graph()
pairData = []

for i in range(0,len(keywordTreeFileLineData)):
    pairData = pairData + [keywordTreeFileLineData[i].split('\t')]
    pairData[i][1] = pairData[i][1].rstrip('\n')
    G.add_edge(pairData[i][0],pairData[i][1])

pos = nx.graphviz_layout(G)

nx.draw(G,
        pos=pos,
        width = 1.0,
        with_labels = True,
        font_size = 3,
        linewidths=.1
        )
plt.savefig("graph.pdf")

Here is the throwback exception information:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
InvocationException                       Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-e85a11cf6191> in <module>()
     15 
     16 #pos = nx.spring_layout(G,k=.15,iterations=50,scale=100)
---> 17 pos = nx.graphviz_layout(G)
     18 #labels = nx.draw_networkx_labels(G,pos)
     19 nx.draw(G,

/Users/scott/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/networkx/drawing/nx_pydot.pyc in graphviz_layout(G, prog, root, **kwds)
    245     This is a wrapper for pydot_layout.
    246     """
--> 247     return pydot_layout(G=G,prog=prog,root=root,**kwds)
    248 
    249 

/Users/scott/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/networkx/drawing/nx_pydot.pyc in pydot_layout(G, prog, root, **kwds)
    269         P.set("root",make_str(root))
    270 
--> 271     D=P.create_dot(prog=prog)
    272 
    273     if D=="":  # no data returned

/Users/scott/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pydot.pyc in <lambda>(f, prog)
   1800             self.__setattr__(
   1801                 'create_'+frmt,
-> 1802                 lambda f=frmt, prog=self.prog : self.create(format=f, prog=prog))
   1803             f = self.__dict__['create_'+frmt]
   1804             f.__doc__ = '''Refer to the docstring accompanying the 'create' method for more information.'''

/Users/scott/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pydot.pyc in create(self, prog, format)
   1951             if self.progs is None:
   1952                 raise InvocationException(
-> 1953                     'GraphViz\'s executables not found' )
   1954 
   1955         if not self.progs.has_key(prog):

InvocationException: GraphViz's executables not found

System information: I am using the lastest version and modules of Enthought Canopy on a 64-bit Mac with OS X 10.9.5. Also, I am using an iPython notebook.

回答1:

I solved this by installing GraphViz on my Mac using macports:

sudo port install graphviz

Installing python packages is not enough in this case. Nonetheless, this is a dependency that should have been taken of by Enthought.

回答2:

Often, you should start with a fresh installation of Macports

Remove old Macports

sudo port -f uninstall installed
sudo port clean --work --archive all
Import, install and compile recent Macports sources files

cd ~
curl -O https://distfiles.macports.org/MacPorts/MacPorts-2.3.3.tar.bz2
tar xf MacPorts-2.3.3.tar.bz2
cd MacPorts-2.3.3/
./configure
make
sudo make install
port version
(Optional) update Macports

sudo port selfupdate
sudo port upgrade outdated
Install Graphviz using your fresh Macports

sudo port install graphviz
sudo pip install --upgrade graphviz

回答3:

For ubuntu users:-

sudo apt-get install -y graphviz libgraphviz-dev

This installs the graphviz executables needed by python to display plots

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26153413/error-graphvizs-executables-not-found-when-calling-graphviz-layout-from-netwo

标签

python

graphviz

ipython-notebook

networkx

enthought