问题
EDIT 1 for anyone with the same error: installing ffmpeg did indeed solve that BytesIO error
EDIT 1 for anyone still willing to help: my problem is now that when I AudioSegment.export("filename.mp3", format="mp3"), the file is made, but has size 0 bytes -- details below (as "EDIT 1")
EDIT 2: All problems now solved.
- Files can be read in as AudioSegment using BytesIO
- I found buildpacks to ensure ffmpeg was installed correctly on my app, with lame support for exporting proper mp3 files
Answer below
Original question
I have pydub working nicely locally to crop a particular mp3 file based on parameters in the url. (?start_time=3.8&end_time=5.1)
When I run foreman start it all looks good on localhost. The html renders nicely.
The key lines from the views.py include reading in a file from a url using
url = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/shareducate02/The_giving_tree__by_Alex_Blumberg__sponsored_by_mailchimp-short.mp3"
mp3 = urllib.urlopen(url).read() # inspired by http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/ipython-books/cookbook-code/blob/master/notebooks/chapter11_image/06_speech.ipynb
original=AudioSegment.from_mp3(BytesIO(mp3)) # AudioSegment.from_mp3 is a pydub command, see http://pydub.com
section = original[start_time_ms:end_time_ms]
That all works great... until I push to heroku (django app) and run it online. then when I load the same page now on the herokuapp.com, I get this error
OSError at /path/to/page
[Errno 2] No such file or directory
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://my.website.com/path/to/page?start_time=3.8&end_time=5
Django Version: 1.6.5
Exception Type: OSError
Exception Value:
[Errno 2] No such file or directory
Exception Location: /app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py in _execute_child, line 1327
Python Executable: /app/.heroku/python/bin/python
Python Version: 2.7.8
Python Path:
['/app',
'/app/.heroku/python/bin',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-5.4.1-py2.7.egg',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.36-py2.7.egg',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip-1.3.1-py2.7.egg',
'/app',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python27.zip',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/plat-linux2',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/lib-tk',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/lib-old',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages',
'/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg-info']
Traceback:
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
112. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/app/evernote/views.py" in finalize
105. original=AudioSegment.from_mp3(BytesIO(mp3))
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pydub/audio_segment.py" in from_mp3
318. return cls.from_file(file, 'mp3')
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pydub/audio_segment.py" in from_file
302. retcode = subprocess.call(convertion_command, stderr=open(os.devnull))
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py" in call
522. return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py" in __init__
710. errread, errwrite)
File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py" in _execute_child
1327. raise child_exception
I have commented out some of the original to convince myself that sure enough the single line original=AudioSegment.from_mp3(BytesIO(mp3)) is where the problem kicks in... but this is not a problem locally
The full function in views.py starts like this:
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect #, Http404, HttpResponse
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.views import generic
import pydub
# Maybe only need:
from pydub import AudioSegment # == see below
from time import gmtime, strftime
import boto
from boto.s3.connection import S3Connection
from boto.s3.key import Key
# http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/ipython-books/cookbook-code/blob/master/notebooks/chapter11_image/06_speech.ipynb
import urllib
from io import BytesIO
# import numpy as np
# import scipy.signal as sg
# import pydub # mentioned above already
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# from IPython.display import Audio, display
# import matplotlib as mpl
# %matplotlib inline
import os
# from settings import AWS_ACCESS_KEY, AWS_SECRET_KEY, AWS_BUCKET_NAME
AWS_ACCESS_KEY = os.environ.get('AWS_ACCESS_KEY') # there must be a better way?
AWS_SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('AWS_SECRET_KEY')
AWS_BUCKET_NAME = os.environ.get('S3_BUCKET_NAME')
# http://stackoverflow.com/questions/415511/how-to-get-current-time-in-python
boto_conn = S3Connection(AWS_ACCESS_KEY, AWS_SECRET_KEY)
bucket = boto_conn.get_bucket(AWS_BUCKET_NAME)
s3_url_format = 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/shareducate02/{end_path}'
and specifically the view in views.py that's called when I visit the page:
def finalize(request):
start_time = request.GET.get('start_time')
end_time = request.GET.get('end_time')
original_file = "https://s3.amazonaws.com/shareducate02/The_giving_tree__by_Alex_Blumberg__sponsored_by_mailchimp-short.mp3"
if start_time:
# original=AudioSegment.from_mp3(original_file) #...that didn't work
# but this works below:
# next three uncommented lines from http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/ipython-books/cookbook-code/blob/master/notebooks/chapter11_image/06_speech.ipynb
# python 2.x
url = original_file
# req = urllib.Request(url, headers={'User-Agent': ''}) # Note: I commented out this because I got error that "Request" did not exist
mp3 = urllib.urlopen(url).read()
# That's for my 2.7
# If I ever upgrade to python 3.x, would need to change it to:
# req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={'User-Agent': ''})
# mp3 = urllib.request.urlopen(req).read()
# as per instructions on http://nbviewer.ipython.org/github/ipython-books/cookbook-code/blob/master/notebooks/chapter11_image/06_speech.ipynb
original=AudioSegment.from_mp3(BytesIO(mp3))
# original=AudioSegment.from_mp3("static/givingtree.mp3") # alternative that works locally (on laptop) but no use for heroku
start_time_ms = int(float(start_time) * 1000)
if end_time:
end_time_ms = int(float(end_time) * 1000)
else:
end_time_ms = int(float(original.duration_seconds) * 1000)
duration_ms = end_time_ms - start_time_ms
# duration = end_time - start_time
duration = duration_ms/1000
# section = original[start_time_ms:end_time_ms]
# section_with_fading = section.fade_in(100).fade_out(100)
clip = "demo-"
number = strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S", gmtime())
clip += number
clip += ".mp3"
# DON'T BOTHER writing locally:
# clip_with_path = "evernote/static/"+clip
# section_with_fading.export(clip_with_path, format = "mp3")
# tempclip = section_with_fading.export(format = "mp3")
# commented out while de-bugging, but was working earlier if run on localhost
# c = boto.connect_s3()
# b = c.get_bucket(S3_BUCKET_NAME) # as defined above
# k = Key(b)
# k.key=clip
# # k.set_contents_from_filename(clip_with_path)
# k.set_contents_from_file(tempclip)
# k.set_acl('public-read')
clip_made = True
else:
duration = 0.0
clip_made = False
clip = ""
context = {'original_file':original_file, 'new_file':clip, 'start_time': start_time, 'end_time':end_time, 'duration':duration, 'clip_made':clip_made}
return render(request, 'finalize.html' , context)
Any suggestions?
Potentially related: I have ffmpeg installed locally
But have been unable to install it onto heroku, due to not understanding buildpacks. I tried just a moment ago (http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14407388/how-to-install-ffmpeg-for-a-django-app-on-heroku and https://github.com/shunjikonishi/heroku-buildpack-ffmpeg) but so far ffmpeg is not working on heroku (ffmpeg is not recognised when I do "heroku run ffmpeg --version")
...do you think this is the reason?
An answer like any of these would be much appreciated as I'm going round in circles here:
- "I think ffmpeg is indeed your problem. Try harder to sort that out, to get it installed on heroku"
- "Actually, I think this is why BytesIO is not working for you: ..."
- "Your approach is terrible anyway... if you want to read in an audio file to process using pydub, you should just do this instead: ..." (since I'm just hacking my way through pydub for my first time... my approach may be poor)
EDIT 1
ffmpeg is now installed (e.g., I can output wav files)
However, I can't create mp3 files, still... or more correctly, I can, but the filesize is zero
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ heroku config:add BUILDPACK_URL=https://github.com/ddollar/heroku-buildpack-multi.git
Setting config vars and restarting awe01... done, v93
BUILDPACK_URL: https://github.com/ddollar/heroku-buildpack-multi.git
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ vim .buildpacks
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ cat .buildpacks
https://github.com/shunjikonishi/heroku-buildpack-ffmpeg.git
https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python.git
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ git add --all
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ git commit -m "need multi, not just ffmpeg, so adding back in multi + shun + heroku, with trailing .git in .buildpacks file"
[master cd99fef] need multi, not just ffmpeg, so adding back in multi + shun + heroku, with trailing .git in .buildpacks file
1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ git push heroku master
Fetching repository, done.
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 372 bytes | 0 bytes/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 2), reused 0 (delta 0)
-----> Fetching custom git buildpack... done
-----> Multipack app detected
=====> Downloading Buildpack: https://github.com/shunjikonishi/heroku-buildpack-ffmpeg.git
=====> Detected Framework: ffmpeg
-----> Install ffmpeg
DOWNLOAD_URL = http://flect.github.io/heroku-binaries/libs/ffmpeg.tar.gz
exporting PATH and LIBRARY_PATH
=====> Downloading Buildpack: https://github.com/heroku/heroku-buildpack-python.git
=====> Detected Framework: Python
-----> Installing dependencies with pip
Cleaning up...
-----> Preparing static assets
Collectstatic configuration error. To debug, run:
$ heroku run python ./example/manage.py collectstatic --noinput
Using release configuration from last framework (Python).
-----> Discovering process types
Procfile declares types -> web
-----> Compressing... done, 198.1MB
-----> Launching... done, v94
http://[redacted].herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku
To git@heroku.com:awe01.git
78d6b68..cd99fef master -> master
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ heroku run ffmpeg
Running `ffmpeg` attached to terminal... up, run.6408
ffmpeg version git-2013-06-02-5711e4f Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers
built on Jun 2 2013 07:38:40 with gcc 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5.1)
configuration: --enable-shared --disable-asm --prefix=/app/vendor/ffmpeg
libavutil 52. 34.100 / 52. 34.100
libavcodec 55. 13.100 / 55. 13.100
libavformat 55. 8.102 / 55. 8.102
libavdevice 55. 2.100 / 55. 2.100
libavfilter 3. 74.101 / 3. 74.101
libswscale 2. 3.100 / 2. 3.100
libswresample 0. 17.102 / 0. 17.102
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder
usage: ffmpeg [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...
Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man ffmpeg'
(venv-app)moriartymacbookair13:getstartapp macuser$ heroku run bash
Running `bash` attached to terminal... up, run.9660
~ $ python
Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 9 2014, 20:47:08)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pydub
>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> exit()
~ $ which ffmpeg
/app/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg
~ $ python
Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 9 2014, 20:47:08)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pydub
>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> AudioSegment.silent(5000).export("/tmp/asdf.mp3", "mp3")
<open file '/tmp/asdf.mp3', mode 'wb+' at 0x7f9a37d44780>
>>> exit ()
~ $ cd /tmp/
/tmp $ ls
asdf.mp3
/tmp $ open asdf.mp3
bash: open: command not found
/tmp $ ls -lah
total 8.0K
drwx------ 2 u36483 36483 4.0K 2014-10-22 04:14 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4.0K 2014-09-26 07:08 ..
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:14 asdf.mp3
Note the file size of 0 above for the mp3 file... when I do the same thing on my macbook, the file size is never zero
Back to the heroku shell:
/tmp $ python
Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 9 2014, 20:47:08)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pydub
>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> pydub.AudioSegment.ffmpeg = "/app/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg"
>>> AudioSegment.silence(1200).export("/tmp/herokuSilence.mp3", format="mp3")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: type object 'AudioSegment' has no attribute 'silence'
>>> AudioSegment.silent(1200).export("/tmp/herokuSilence.mp3", format="mp3")
<open file '/tmp/herokuSilence.mp3', mode 'wb+' at 0x7fcc2017c780>
>>> exit()
/tmp $ ls
asdf.mp3 herokuSilence.mp3
/tmp $ ls -lah
total 8.0K
drwx------ 2 u36483 36483 4.0K 2014-10-22 04:29 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4.0K 2014-09-26 07:08 ..
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:14 asdf.mp3
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:29 herokuSilence.mp3
I realised the first time that I had forgotten the pydub.AudioSegment.ffmpeg = "/app/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg" command, but as you can see above, the file is still zero size
Out of desperation, I even tried adding the ".heroku" into the path to be as verbatim as your example, but that didn't fix it:
/tmp $ python
Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 9 2014, 20:47:08)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pydub
>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> pydub.AudioSegment.ffmpeg = "/app/.heroku/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg"
>>> AudioSegment.silent(1200).export("/tmp/herokuSilence03.mp3", format="mp3")
<open file '/tmp/herokuSilence03.mp3', mode 'wb+' at 0x7fc92aca7780>
>>> exit()
/tmp $ ls -lah
total 8.0K
drwx------ 2 u36483 36483 4.0K 2014-10-22 04:31 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4.0K 2014-09-26 07:08 ..
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:14 asdf.mp3
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:31 herokuSilence03.mp3
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:29 herokuSilence.mp3
Finally, I tried exporting a .wav file to check pydub was at least working correctly
/tmp $ python
Python 2.7.8 (default, Jul 9 2014, 20:47:08)
[GCC 4.4.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pydub
>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> pydub.AudioSegment.ffmpeg = "/app/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg"
>>> AudioSegment.silent(1300).export("/tmp/heroku_wav_silence01.wav", format="wav")
<open file '/tmp/heroku_wav_silence01.wav', mode 'wb+' at 0x7fa33cbf3780>
>>> exit()
/tmp $ ls
asdf.mp3 herokuSilence03.mp3 herokuSilence.mp3 heroku_wav_silence01.wav
/tmp $ ls -lah
total 40K
drwx------ 2 u36483 36483 4.0K 2014-10-22 04:42 .
drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4.0K 2014-09-26 07:08 ..
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:14 asdf.mp3
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:31 herokuSilence03.mp3
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 0 2014-10-22 04:29 herokuSilence.mp3
-rw------- 1 u36483 36483 29K 2014-10-22 04:42 heroku_wav_silence01.wav
/tmp $
At least that filesize for .wav is non-zero, so pydub is working
My current theory is that either I'm still not using ffmpeg correctly, or it's insufficient... maybe I need an mp3 additional install on top of basic ffmpeg.
Several sites mention "libavcodec-extra-53" but I'm not sure how to install that on heroku, or to check if I have it? https://github.com/jiaaro/pydub/issues/36
Similarly tutorials on libmp3lame seem to be geared towards laptop installation rather than installation on heroku, so I'm at a loss http://superuser.com/questions/196857/how-to-install-libmp3lame-for-ffmpeg
In case relevant, I also have youtube-dl in my requirements.txt... this also works locally on my macbook, but fails when I run it in the heroku shell:
~/ytdl $ youtube-dl --restrict-filenames -x --audio-format mp3 n2anDgdUHic
[youtube] Setting language
[youtube] Confirming age
[youtube] n2anDgdUHic: Downloading webpage
[youtube] n2anDgdUHic: Downloading video info webpage
[youtube] n2anDgdUHic: Extracting video information
[download] Destination: Boyce_Avenue_feat._Megan_Nicole_-_Skyscraper_Patrick_Ebert_Edit-n2anDgdUHic.m4a
[download] 100% of 5.92MiB in 00:00
[ffmpeg] Destination: Boyce_Avenue_feat._Megan_Nicole_-_Skyscraper_Patrick_Ebert_Edit-n2anDgdUHic.mp3
ERROR: audio conversion failed: Unknown encoder 'libmp3lame'
~/ytdl $
The informative link is that it too specificies an mp3 failure, so perhaps they two issues are related.
EDIT 2
See answer, all problems solved
回答1:
All problems sorted, thanks
I can now read in AudioSegments from url using BytesIO. I can now export either mp3 or wav after processing.
ffmpeg issue was solved using the packs recommended here:
http://blog.pogoapp.com/youtube-mp3-with-node-js-and-ffmpeg/ (replacing "nodejs" with my language, "python")
The ffmpeg pack recommended there (https://github.com/jayzes/heroku-buildpack-ffmpeg) already includes the lame support I needed
For some reason, https://github.com/integricho/heroku-buildpack-python-ffmpeg didn't quite do the job for me
I also had to add "ffprobe" into requirements.txt to allow youtube-dl to run properly (I mention that here since it was also previously complaining about lame missing... adding ffprobe was the second step to getting this to work)
Full writeup to my answer is here:https://github.com/rg3/youtube-dl/issues/302#issuecomment-60146845
回答2:
Pydub uses ffmpeg to encode/decode all formats other than wav. So the first issue is getting ffmpeg installed on heroku.
You may find that using heroku run bash you can cd around and find the ffmpeg binary (try in /app/.heroku/vendor).
If that is the case you can explicitly specify where pydub should look like so:
import pydub
pydub.AudioSegment.converter = "/app/.heroku/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg" # or wherever you find it
edit
I was able to get the following to work:
create a requirements.txt in the root directory of an empty git repo.
requirements.txt:
pydub
add this and push to heroku.
the run:
heroku config:add BUILDPACK_URL=https://github.com/integricho/heroku-buildpack-python-ffmpeg.git
then:
heroku run bash
and in the shell
$ which ffmpeg
/app/.heroku/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg
$ python
>>> from pydub import AudioSegment
>>> AudioSegment.silent(5000).export("/tmp/asdf.mp3", "mp3")
<open file '/tmp/asdf.mp3', mode 'wb+' at 0x7ffa8aac0390>
after that ffmpeg is found at: /app/.heroku/vendor/ffmpeg/bin/ffmpeg
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26477786/reading-in-pydub-audiosegment-from-url-bytesio-returning-oserror-errno-2-no