strcpy() and arrays of strings

问题

I need to store the input from a user into an array of strings.

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

char *history[10] = {0};

int main (void) {

    char input[256];

    input = "input";

    strcpy(history[0], input);

    return (EXIT_SUCCESS);

}

Running it on the terminal I get a Segmentation Fault and in NetBeans I get main.c:11: error: incompatible types in assignment. I also tried to shift all the history to store the newest input into the first position (history[0]).

history[9] = history[8];
history[8] = history[7];
history[7] = history[6];
history[6] = history[5];
history[5] = history[4];
history[4] = history[3];
history[3] = history[2];
history[2] = history[1];
history[1] = history[0];
history[0] = input;

But this causes output like this.

If input is "input"

History 0: input History 1: null etc.

If then input is "new"

History 0: new History 1: new History 2: null etc.

Each time a new input is entered the pointers to the string shift but it causes only the newest value to be saved in the history array.

回答1:

You need to allocate space for the string. This can be done several ways, the two leading contenders look like:

char history[10][100];

and

char *history[10];
for (j = 0;  j < 10;  ++j)
    history [j] = malloc (100);

The first statically allocates ten character buffers at 100 characters each. The second, as you wrote it, statically allocates ten pointers to characters. By filling in the pointer with dynamically allocated memory (which could each be arbitrary lengths), there is memory to read the string later.

回答2:

strcpy() does not allocate new memory area for the string, it only copies data from one buffer to another. You need to allocate new buffers using strdup() or create the array pre-allocated (char history[10][100];). In this case, do not try to move pointers and use strcpy to copy the data.

回答3:

main.c:11: error: incompatible types in assignment
(Code: input = "input";)

This happens because you try to make the array 'input' point to the string "input". This is not possible, since the array is a const pointer (i.e. the value it points to can not change).

The correct way to do what you are trying is:

strcpy(input,"input");

Of course this is a minor problem, the major problem has already been posted twice. Just wanted to point it out.

Btw I don't know how you even compile this when running it on the terminal. Don't you get an error? Maybe just a warning? Try compiling with -Wall -pedantic

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3901962/strcpy-and-arrays-of-strings

标签

arrays

string

pointers

strcpy