Setting proxy to urllib.request (Python3)

问题

How can I set proxy for the last urllib in Python 3. I am doing the next

from urllib import request as urlrequest
ask = urlrequest.Request(url)     # note that here Request has R not r as prev versions
open = urlrequest.urlopen(req)
open.read()

I tried adding proxy as follows :

ask=urlrequest.Request.set_proxy(ask,proxies,'http')

However I don't know how correct it is since I am getting the next error:

336     def set_proxy(self, host, type):
--> 337         if self.type == 'https' and not self._tunnel_host:
    338             self._tunnel_host = self.host
    339         else:

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'type'

回答1:

You should be calling set_proxy() on an instance of class Request, not on the class itself:

from urllib import request as urlrequest

proxy_host = 'localhost:1234'    # host and port of your proxy
url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/ip'

req = urlrequest.Request(url)
req.set_proxy(proxy_host, 'http')

response = urlrequest.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf8'))

回答2:

I needed to disable the proxy in our company environment, because I wanted to access a server on localhost. I could not disable the proxy server with the approach from @mhawke (tried to pass {}, None and [] as proxies).

This worked for me (can also be used for setting a specific proxy, see comment in code).

import urllib.request as request

# disable proxy by passing an empty
proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({})
# alertnatively you could set a proxy for http with
# proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'})

opener = request.build_opener(proxy_handler)

url = 'http://www.example.org'

# open the website with the opener
req = opener.open(url)
data = req.read().decode('utf8')
print(data)

回答3:

Urllib will automatically detect proxies set up in the environment - so one can just set the HTTP_PROXY variable either in your environment e.g. for Bash:

export HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy_url:proxy_port

or using Python e.g.

import os
os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http://proxy_url:proxy_port'

回答4:

I normally use the following code for proxy requests:

import requests
proxies = {
    'http': 'http://proxy.server:port',
    'https': 'http://proxyserver:port',
}
s = requests.Session()
s.proxies = proxies
r = s.get('https://api.ipify.org?format=json').json()
print(r['ip'])

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34576665/setting-proxy-to-urllib-request-python3

标签

python

proxy

urllib