ip命令是用来配置网卡ip信息的命令,且是未来的趋势,重启网卡后IP失效。
ip - show / manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels
语法:
- ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
这一条命令几乎包含了所有使用方法,其中
对象OBJECT={ link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable | tunnel | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | token }
选项OPTIONS={ -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] | -h[uman-readable] | -iec | -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | link } | -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -b[atch] [filename] | -rc[vbuf] [size] }
不过COMMAND比较长,请使用’ip OBJECT help’查看。
剩下的如下显示:
ip [-force] -batch filename
ip是iproute2软件包里面的一个强大的网络配置工具,用来显示或操作路由、网络设备、策略路由和隧道,它能够替代一些传统的网络管理工具,例如ifconfig、route等。用ip配置的设备信息,大部分会在设备重启后还原,如果想永久保留配置,请尽量进入配置文件修改。
(1).对象OBJECT
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link 网络设备 address 设备上的协议(IP或IPv6)地址 addrlabel 协议地址选择的标签配置 neighbour ARP或NDISC缓存条目 route 路由表条目 rule 路由策略数据库中的规则 maddress 组播地址 mroute 组播路由缓存条目 tunnel IP隧道 xfrm IPSec协议框架 |
所有对象的名称可以用完整或缩写形式书写,例如address可以缩写成addr或只是a。
(2).选项OPTIONS
(1).对象
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link 网络设备 address 设备上的协议(IP或IPv6)地址 addrlabel 协议地址选择的标签配置 neighbour ARP或NDISC缓存条目 route 路由表条目 rule 路由策略数据库中的规则 maddress 组播地址 mroute 组播路由缓存条目 tunnel IP隧道 xfrm IPSec协议框架 |
所有对象的名称可以用完整或缩写形式书写,例如address可以缩写成addr或只是a。
(2).选项
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-V,-Version 显示指令版本信息 -s,-stats,statistics 输出详细信息 -h,-human,-human-readable 输出人类可读的统计信息和后缀 -iec 以IEC标准单位打印人类可读速率(例如1K=1024) -f,-family <FAMILY> 指定要使用的协议族。协议族标识可以是inet、inet6、ipx、dnet或link之一。如果此选项不存在,则从其他参数中推测协议族。如果命令行的其余部分没有提供足够的信息来推测该族,则ip会退回到默认值,通常是inet或any。link是一个特殊的系列标识符,表示不涉及网络协议。 -4 –family inet的快捷方式 -6 –family inet6的快捷方式 -0 –family link的快捷方式 -o,-oneline 将每条记录输出到一行,用’\’字符替换换行符。 -r,-resolve 使用系统名称解析程序来打印DNS名称而不是主机地址。 |
(3).实例
注意:以下介绍的ip命令都是临时配置,一但重启就会还原,如"service network restart"
查看所有IP地址
1. ip a/addr/address
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@oldboy ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@oldboy ~]# ip address 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2. ip a/addr/address sh/show
[root@oldboy ~]# ip a sh 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@oldboy ~]# ip a show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:10:a5:56 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.2.15/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global eth0 inet 10.0.2.10/24 brd 10.0.2.255 scope global secondary eth0:0 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe10:a556/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:4c:6f:ad brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.0.109/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth3 inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe4c:6fad/64 scope link tentative dadfailed valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看指定IP地址
1. ip a/addr/address sh/show dev eth1
2. ip a/addr/address sh/show eth1
增加或删除IP地址
1. ip a/addr/address add 192.168.78.130/24 dev eth1
2. ip a/addr/address del/delete 192.168.78.130/24 dev eth1
删除eth1所有IP地址
1. ip a flush dev eth1
删除eth1的所有IPv4的IP地址
1. ip -4 a flush dev eth1
查看网络设备信息
1. ip link sh/show/l/list/ls
2. ip link sh/show/l/ls/lsit eth1
3. ip link sh/show/l/ls/list dev eth1
停止与激活网络设备
1. ip link set dev eth1 down
2. ip link set dev eth1 up
查看路由表
1. ip r/ro/route
2. ip r/ro/route sh/show
3. ip r/ro/route sh/show dev eth1
添加或删除路由
1. ip r/ro/route add 192.168.79.0/24 dev eth1
2. ip r/ro/route d/del/delete 192.168.79.0/24
3. ip r/ro/route d/del/delete 192.168.79.0/24 dev eth1
默认路由的删除、添加与修改
1. ip r/ro/route d/del/delete default
2. ip r/ro/route add default via 192.168.78.1
3. ip r/ro/route chg/change default via 192.168.78.2
查看ARP表
1. ip n/neigh/neighbuor sh/show