keras/scikit-learn: using fit_generator() with cross validation

问题

Is it possible to use Keras's scikit-learn API together with fit_generator() method? Or use another way to yield batches for training? I'm using SciPy's sparse matrices which must be converted to NumPy arrays before input to Keras, but I can't convert them at the same time because of high memory consumption. Here is my function to yield batches:

def batch_generator(X, y, batch_size):
    n_splits = len(X) // (batch_size - 1)
    X = np.array_split(X, n_splits)
    y = np.array_split(y, n_splits)

    while True:
        for i in range(len(X)):
            X_batch = []
            y_batch = []
            for ii in range(len(X[i])):
                X_batch.append(X[i][ii].toarray().astype(np.int8)) # conversion sparse matrix -> np.array
                y_batch.append(y[i][ii])
            yield (np.array(X_batch), np.array(y_batch))

and example code with cross validation:

from sklearn.model_selection import StratifiedKFold, GridSearchCV
from sklearn import datasets

from keras.models import Sequential
from keras.layers import Activation, Dense
from keras.wrappers.scikit_learn import KerasClassifier

import numpy as np


def build_model(n_hidden=32):
    model = Sequential([
        Dense(n_hidden, input_dim=4),
        Activation("relu"),
        Dense(n_hidden),
        Activation("relu"),
        Dense(3),
        Activation("sigmoid")
    ])
    model.compile(loss="categorical_crossentropy", optimizer="adam", metrics=["accuracy"])
    return model


iris = datasets.load_iris()
X = iris["data"]
y = iris["target"].flatten()

param_grid = {
    "n_hidden": np.array([4, 8, 16]),
    "nb_epoch": np.array(range(50, 61, 5))
}

model = KerasClassifier(build_fn=build_model, verbose=0)
skf = StratifiedKFold(n_splits=5).split(X, y) # this yields (train_indices, test_indices)

grid = GridSearchCV(model, param_grid, cv=skf, verbose=2, n_jobs=4)
grid.fit(X, y)

print(grid.best_score_)
print(grid.cv_results_["params"][grid.best_index_])

To explain it more, it uses all the possible combinations of hyper-parameters in param_grid to build a model. Each model is then trained and tested one by one on the train-test data splits (folds) provided by StratifiedKFold. Then final score for a given model is a mean score from all folds.

So is it somehow possible to insert some preprocessing substep to the code above to convert data (sparse matrices) before the actual fitting?

I know I can write my own cross validation generator, but it must yield indexes, not the real data!

回答1:

Actually you can use a sparse matrix as input to Keras with a generator. Here is my version that worked on a previous project:

> class KerasClassifier(KerasClassifier):
>     """ adds sparse matrix handling using batch generator
>     """
>     
>     def fit(self, x, y, **kwargs):
>         """ adds sparse matrix handling """
>         if not issparse(x):
>             return super().fit(x, y, **kwargs)
>         
>         ############ adapted from KerasClassifier.fit   ######################   
>         if self.build_fn is None:
>             self.model = self.__call__(**self.filter_sk_params(self.__call__))
>         elif not isinstance(self.build_fn, types.FunctionType):
>             self.model = self.build_fn(
>                 **self.filter_sk_params(self.build_fn.__call__))
>         else:
>             self.model = self.build_fn(**self.filter_sk_params(self.build_fn))
> 
>         loss_name = self.model.loss
>         if hasattr(loss_name, '__name__'):
>             loss_name = loss_name.__name__
>         if loss_name == 'categorical_crossentropy' and len(y.shape) != 2:
>             y = to_categorical(y)
>         ### fit => fit_generator
>         fit_args = copy.deepcopy(self.filter_sk_params(Sequential.fit_generator))
>         fit_args.update(kwargs)
>         ############################################################
>         self.model.fit_generator(
>                     self.get_batch(x, y, self.sk_params["batch_size"]),
>                                         samples_per_epoch=x.shape[0],
>                                         **fit_args)                      
>         return self                               
> 
>     def get_batch(self, x, y=None, batch_size=32):
>         """ batch generator to enable sparse input """
>         index = np.arange(x.shape[0])
>         start = 0
>         while True:
>             if start == 0 and y is not None:
>                 np.random.shuffle(index)
>             batch = index[start:start+batch_size]
>             if y is not None:
>                 yield x[batch].toarray(), y[batch]
>             else:
>                 yield x[batch].toarray()
>             start += batch_size
>             if start >= x.shape[0]:
>                 start = 0
>   
>     def predict_proba(self, x):
>         """ adds sparse matrix handling """
>         if not issparse(x):
>             return super().predict_proba(x)
>             
>         preds = self.model.predict_generator(
>                     self.get_batch(x, None, self.sk_params["batch_size"]), 
>                                                val_samples=x.shape[0])
>         return preds

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40854232/keras-scikit-learn-using-fit-generator-with-cross-validation