问题
It is easy to set memory barriers on the kernel side: the macros mb, wmb, rmb, etc. are always in place thanks to the Linux kernel headers.
How to accomplish this on the user side?
回答1:
Posix defines a number of functions as acting as memory barriers. Memory locations must not be concurrently accessed; to prevent this, use synchronization - and that synchronization will also work as a barrier.
回答2:
You are looking for the full memory barrier atomic builtins of gcc.
Please note the detail on the reference i gave here says,
The [following] builtins are intended to be compatible with those described in the Intel Itanium Processor-specific Application Binary Interface, section 7.4. As such, they depart from the normal GCC practice of using the “__builtin_” prefix, and further that they are overloaded such that they work on multiple types.
回答3:
Use libatomic_ops. http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/linux/atomic_ops/
It's not compiler-specific, and less buggy than the GCC stuff. It's not a giganto-library that provides tons of functionality you don't care about. It just provides atomic operations. Also, it's portable to different CPU architectures.
回答4:
Linux x64 means you can use the Intel memory barrier instructions. You might wrap them in macros similar to those in the Linux headers, if those macros aren't appropriate or accessible to your code
回答5:
__sync_synchronize() in GCC 4.4+
The Intel Memory Ordering White Paper, a section from Volume 3A of Intel 64 and IA-32 manual http://developer.intel.com/Assets/PDF/manual/253668.pdf
回答6:
The Qprof profiling library (nothing to do with Qt) also includes in its source code a library of atomic operations, including memory barriers. They work on many compilers and architectures. I'm using it on a project of mine.
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/linux/qprof/download.php4
回答7:
Simply borrowing barriers defined for Linux kernel, just add those macros to your header file: http://lxr.linux.no/#linux+v3.6.5/arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h#L21 . And of course, give Linux developers credit in your source code.
回答8:
The include/arch/qatomic_*.h headers of a recent Qt distribution include (LGPL) code for a lot of architectures and all kinds of memory barriers (acquire, release, both).
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1185063/memory-barriers-in-userspace-linux-x86-64