How do you use usercontrols in asp.net mvc that display an “island” of data?

问题

I am trying to find out how to use usercontrols in asp.net mvc. I know how to add a usercontrol to a view and how to pass data to it. What I haven't been able to figure out is how do you do this without having to retrieve and pass the data in every single controller?

For example, if I have a user control that displays the most recent posts on several but not all the pages in the site, how do I write the Controllers so that I get data for that usercontrol and pass it to the user control from only one place in the web site instead of getting and passing data in each of the different controllers that the user control is used in?

I'm not sure if this makes sense or not. Is there a better or recommended way to handle an "island" of data that you want to display on several pages?

I'm coming from web forms where I could just write a user control that got its own data and displayed data independently from the rest of whatever page it is used on.

回答1:

There are multiple ways to do it.

The basic approach is

Populate the data for the view in the BaseController (OnActionExecuting event)
Writing a custom action filter
Writing an Application Controller (the eg. is in the below links).

An example of OnActionExecuting will be

   [HandleError]
    public class BaseController : Controller
    {
        CourseService cs = new CourseService();
        protected override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            List<Tag> tags = cs.GetTags();
            ViewData["Tags"] = tags;
        }

    }

You can use the "tags" view data on any view. This is just an example of usercontrol being rendered as side content.

<div id="sidebar_b">
         <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="ContentReferenceB" runat="server" >
             <% Html.RenderPartial("Tags"); %>
         </asp:ContentPlaceHolder>
   </div>

I found the following URL to be useful.

http://weblogs.asp.net/stephenwalther/archive/2008/08/12/asp-net-mvc-tip-31-passing-data-to-master-pages-and-user-controls.aspx

http://blog.matthidinger.com/2008/02/21/ASPNETMVCUserControlsStartToFinish.aspx

http://www.aaronlerch.com/blog/2008/01/26/displaying-foo-on-every-page-of-an-aspnet-mvc-application/

http://blog.wekeroad.com/2008/01/07/aspnet-mvc-using-usercontrols-usefully/

回答2:

In the MVC Futures, available on codeplex , contains the RenderAction HtmlHelper extensions. This will allow you to create a controller for the ueser control and this controller will populate the ViewData used by the user control without having to resort to a base controller as was suggested.

In the View you would do

<% Html.RenderAction("Index", "UserControlController") %>

or one of the other overloads.

This will create an instance of the controller, execute the method and render the user control view into the main view. The main view controller does not need to know anything about the user control or its model/data.

回答3:

Refactor the code that obtains the view data for this user control into it's own method, maybe even it's own model (class). Call this method from each controller that needs to populate the control and pass the results in the ViewData with a well-known key. You might even want to pass the type of the current controller to your method in case it needs to know what data to retrieve based on the base model for the controller.

 ViewData["RecentPosts"] = RecentPosts.GetRecentPosts( this.GetType() );

In your control, retrieve the data using the well-known key.

回答4:

How to Handle "Side Content" in ASP.NET MVC

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/326987/how-do-you-use-usercontrols-in-asp-net-mvc-that-display-an-island-of-data

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