How to optimize query postgres

问题

I am running the following query:

SELECT fat.*   
FROM Table1 fat  
LEFT JOIN modo_captura mc       ON mc.id = fat.modo_captura_id  
INNER JOIN loja lj              ON lj.id = fat.loja_id  
INNER JOIN rede rd              ON rd.id = fat.rede_id  
INNER JOIN bandeira bd          ON bd.id = fat.bandeira_id  
INNER JOIN produto pd           ON pd.id = fat.produto_id  
INNER JOIN loja_extensao le     ON le.id = fat.loja_extensao_id  
INNER JOIN conta ct             ON ct.id = fat.conta_id
INNER JOIN banco bc             ON bc.id = ct.banco_id  
LEFT JOIN conciliacao_vendas cv ON fat.empresa_id = cv.empresa_id AND cv.chavefato = fat.chavefato AND fat.rede_id = cv.rede_id  
WHERE 1 = 1  
AND cv.controle_upload_arquivo_id = 6906  
AND fat.parcela = 1  
ORDER BY fat.data_venda, fat.data_credito limit 20

But very slowly. Here the Explain plan: http://explain.depesz.com/s/DnXH

回答1:

Try this rewritten version:

SELECT fat.*   
FROM   Table1 fat
JOIN   conciliacao_vendas cv USING (empresa_id, chavefato, rede_id)
JOIN   loja lj               ON lj.id = fat.loja_id  
JOIN   rede rd               ON rd.id = fat.rede_id  
JOIN   bandeira bd           ON bd.id = fat.bandeira_id  
JOIN   produto pd            ON pd.id = fat.produto_id  
JOIN   loja_extensao le      ON le.id = fat.loja_extensao_id  
JOIN   conta ct              ON ct.id = fat.conta_id
JOIN   banco bc              ON bc.id = ct.banco_id
LEFT   JOIN modo_captura mc  ON mc.id = fat.modo_captura_id  
WHERE  cv.controle_upload_arquivo_id = 6906  
AND    fat.parcela = 1  
ORDER  BY fat.data_venda, fat.data_credito
LIMIT  20;

JOIN syntax and sequence of joins

In particular I fixed the misleading LEFT JOIN to conciliacao_vendas, which is forced to act as a plain [INNER] JOIN by the later WHERE condition anyways. This should simplify query planning and allow to eliminate rows earlier in the process, which should make everything a lot cheaper. Related answer with detailed explanation:

Explain JOIN vs. LEFT JOIN and WHERE condition performance suggestion in more detail

USING is just a syntactical shorthand.

Since there are many tables involved in the query and the order the rewritten query joins tables is optimal now, you can fine-tune this with SET LOCAL join_collapse_limit = 1 to save planning overhead and avoid inferior query plans. Run in a single transaction:

BEGIN;
SET LOCAL join_collapse_limit = 1;
SELECT ...;  -- read data here
COMMIT;      -- or ROOLBACK;

More about that:

Sample Query to show Cardinality estimation error in PostgreSQL
The fine manual on Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses

Index

Add some indexes on lookup tables with lots or rows (not necessary for just a couple of dozens), in particular (taken from your query plan):

Seq Scan on public.conta ct ... rows=6771
Seq Scan on public.loja lj ... rows=1568
Seq Scan on public.loja_extensao le ... rows=16394

That's particularly odd, because those columns look like primary key columns and should already have an index ...

So:

CREATE INDEX conta_pkey_idx ON public.conta (id);
CREATE INDEX loja_pkey_idx ON public.loja (id);
CREATE INDEX loja_extensao_pkey_idx ON public.loja_extensao (id);

To make this really fat, a multicolumn index would be of great service:

CREATE INDEX foo ON Table1 (parcela, data_venda, data_credito);

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/25044070/how-to-optimize-query-postgres

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