How to optimize query postgres

Question

I am running the following query:

SELECT fat.*   
FROM Table1 fat  
LEFT JOIN modo_captura mc       ON mc.id = fat.modo_captura_id  
INNER JOIN loja lj              ON lj.id = fat.loja_id  
INNER JOIN rede rd              ON rd.id = fat.rede_id  
INNER JOIN bandeira bd          ON bd.id = fat.bandeira_id  
INNER JOIN produto pd           ON pd.id = fat.produto_id  
INNER JOIN loja_extensao le     ON le.id = fat.loja_extensao_id  
INNER JOIN conta ct             ON ct.id = fat.conta_id
INNER JOIN banco bc             ON bc.id = ct.banco_id  
LEFT JOIN conciliacao_vendas cv ON fat.empresa_id = cv.empresa_id AND cv.chavefato = fat.chavefato AND fat.rede_id = cv.rede_id  
WHERE 1 = 1  
AND cv.controle_upload_arquivo_id = 6906  
AND fat.parcela = 1  
ORDER BY fat.data_venda, fat.data_credito limit 20

But very slowly. Here the Explain plan: http://explain.depesz.com/s/DnXH

Answer 1

Try this rewritten version:

SELECT fat.*   
FROM   Table1 fat
JOIN   conciliacao_vendas cv USING (empresa_id, chavefato, rede_id)
JOIN   loja lj               ON lj.id = fat.loja_id  
JOIN   rede rd               ON rd.id = fat.rede_id  
JOIN   bandeira bd           ON bd.id = fat.bandeira_id  
JOIN   produto pd            ON pd.id = fat.produto_id  
JOIN   loja_extensao le      ON le.id = fat.loja_extensao_id  
JOIN   conta ct              ON ct.id = fat.conta_id
JOIN   banco bc              ON bc.id = ct.banco_id
LEFT   JOIN modo_captura mc  ON mc.id = fat.modo_captura_id  
WHERE  cv.controle_upload_arquivo_id = 6906  
AND    fat.parcela = 1  
ORDER  BY fat.data_venda, fat.data_credito
LIMIT  20;

JOIN syntax and sequence of joins

In particular I fixed the misleading LEFT JOIN to conciliacao_vendas, which is forced to act as a plain [INNER] JOIN by the later WHERE condition anyways. This should simplify query planning and allow to eliminate rows earlier in the process, which should make everything a lot cheaper. Related answer with detailed explanation:

• Explain JOIN vs. LEFT JOIN and WHERE condition performance suggestion in more detail

USING is just a syntactical shorthand.

Since there are many tables involved in the query and the order the rewritten query joins tables is optimal now, you can fine-tune this with SET LOCAL join_collapse_limit = 1 to save planning overhead and avoid inferior query plans. Run in a single transaction:

BEGIN;
SET LOCAL join_collapse_limit = 1;
SELECT ...;  -- read data here
COMMIT;      -- or ROOLBACK;

More about that:

• Sample Query to show Cardinality estimation error in PostgreSQL
• The fine manual on Controlling the Planner with Explicit JOIN Clauses

Index

Add some indexes on lookup tables with lots or rows (not necessary for just a couple of dozens), in particular (taken from your query plan):

Seq Scan on public.conta ct ... rows=6771
Seq Scan on public.loja lj ... rows=1568
Seq Scan on public.loja_extensao le ... rows=16394

That's particularly odd, because those columns look like primary key columns and should already have an index ...

So:

CREATE INDEX conta_pkey_idx ON public.conta (id);
CREATE INDEX loja_pkey_idx ON public.loja (id);
CREATE INDEX loja_extensao_pkey_idx ON public.loja_extensao (id);

To make this really fat, a multicolumn index would be of great service:

CREATE INDEX foo ON Table1 (parcela, data_venda, data_credito);