stun | 易学教程

Socket——NAT穿透解决方案：UDP打洞

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目标路由穿透，实现广域网P2P通讯。 4种典型NAT类型按照NAT设备在进行地址映射时行为的不同，NAT可以分为以下四种： Full Cone Restricted Cone Port Restricted Cone Symmentric 目前主要的NAT类型有如下几种： 1)Full-cone NAT, also known as one-to-one NAT 一旦一个内网地址 (iAddr:iPort) 被映射到一个外部地址 (eAddr:ePort), 来自 iAddr:iPort 的任何数据包将通过 eAddr:ePort 发送. 任何外部主机能够通过eAddr:ePort这个地址发送数据包到iAddr:iPort. 2)Address-restricted-cone NAT 一旦一个内网地址 (iAddr:iPort) 被映射到一个外部地址 (eAddr:ePort), 来自 iAddr:iPort 的任何数据包将通过 eAddr:ePort 发送. 仅只有接收到主机(iAddr:iPort)通过eAddr:ePort发送的数据包的外部主机通过该主机的任何端口发送到eAddr:ePort的数据包才能够被正确的转发到iAddr:iPort.也就是说主机有关端口无关. 3)Port-restricted cone NAT 类似于address restricted

Use specific ports for webRTC

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问题 When creating a peer to peer audio connection using webRTC, the STUN server we use will return the public IP if a user is behind a router. Now in the ICE objects, I can see that the rport is always something between 50000 and up. Is there a way to use a specific port so that the user does not have to open all those ports? 回答1: Is there a way to use a specific port so that the user does not have to open all those ports? I think you have a misunderstanding. The whole point of STUN and ICE

解决WebRTC视频通话，NAT穿透时，局域网有效而4G网无效的问题。

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在做WebRTC视频通话的时候走过了大大小小的坑，如今记录一下典型的例子，出现了局域网视频通话流畅，一旦切出网络使用4G就不行的问题。在configuration中需要配置两项，缺一不可，一个stun，一个turn，其中stun使用公共免费的，turn自己搭建即可。 var configuration = { iceServers: [{ "urls": "stun:stun.xten.com", },{ "urls": "turn:服务器IP地址:3478", "username":"", "credential":"" }] }; 来源： CSDN 作者： The_Quan 链接： https://blog.csdn.net/u013342752/article/details/103857499

C# RDP application with STUN

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问题 I have searched all most all the links in the internet about NAT traversing with C# and STUN. I got the public IP and the port that is using by the application. On most webpages i've read about STUN, a protocol, which should help me to connect to another client behind a NAT-Router or a firewall. Now my question... if I understand STUN, STUN is ONLY there to give me the public IP-Address and the characterization of my NAT. But so HOW can I connect with this informations to another client? here

Makeing a Proxy connection (both client / server behint NAT)

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问题 I want to get a PROXY Server getting to run behind NAT. (Ok I can configure the Port forwarding in the router, but I want it instantly!). So lets say A wants use Bs running proxy server. A / B are behind a router with NAT. So what now? A calls up the Server S to let him know that he wants a Proxy connection to B while B did already tell S that he is ready to connect. So S exchages somehow the IPs / Ports so that A / B can send UDP Packages to get a connection (hole punshing). Am I right till

How does WebRTC handle many-to-many connections?

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问题 if I am in a room with other 7 users, I am wondering if WebRTC force every user to establish a connection to each one of other participants. Obviously it would consume something like 7kb/s*7 download and even upload, and many connection cannot handle this if their connection is already busy. Instead with some kind of media relay the bandwidth usage would be only 7kb/s but you would lose bandwidth adaptation between peers. Do you know any media relay, or way to solve this problem? is TURN

How to do NAT with PHP sockets

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问题 I'm trying to make a peer to peer app in php to work in the same kind of way skype works. It works with internal addresses, but when I try to send data to my external address the message never gets there. Obviously I'm missing some address translation, but I'm at a loss for how to do that with PHP sockets. Is it possible? This is the code i have at the moment to receive the message, which I run first to wait for some message: <?php $socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP) or die(

Coturn WebRTC issue on AZURE VM (Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS)

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问题 I use webRTC to establish a web browser real-time communication with other browsers. To make sure this connection is always solid I want to set up my own STUN/TURN Server. I decided to use coturn on Azure VM (Ubuntu Server). I followed this documentation to set up coturn on Azure https://www.microsoft.com/developerblog/2018/01/29/orchestrating-turn-servers-cloud-deployment/ . According to [Trickele ICE][1] [1]: https://webrtc.github.io/samples/src/content/peerconnection/trickle-ice/ my STUN

移动网络优化

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NAT IPv4地址只有32位，最多只能提供大致42.9亿个唯一IP地址，当设备越来越多时，IP地址变得越来越稀缺，不能为每个设备都分配一个IP地址。于是，作为NAT规范就出现了。NAT（Network Address Translation，网络地址转换）是1994年提出的，其当在专用网内部的一些主机本来已经分配到了本地IP地址（即仅在本专用网内使用的专用地址），但现在又想和因特网上的主机通信（并不需要加密）时，可使用NAT方法。每个NAT设备负责维护一个包含本地IP、端口和外网IP、端口的映射表。所有使用本地地址的主机在和外界通信时，都要在NAT路由器上将其本地地址转换成全球IP地址，才能和因特网连接。其大致过程如下： NAT的实现方式有如下三种，即：静态转换(Static NAT)：将内部网络的私有IP地址转换为公有IP地址，IP地址对是一对一的，是一成不变的，某个私有IP地址只转换为某个公有IP地址；动态转换(Dynamic NAT)：将内部网络的私有IP地址转换为公用IP地址时，IP地址是不确定的，是随机的，所有被授权访问上Internet的私有IP地址可随机转换为任何指定的合法IP地址，当ISP提供的合法IP地址略少于网络内部的计算机数量时。可以采用动态转换的方式；端口多路复用(Port NAT)：改变外出数据包的源端口并进行端口转换，即端口地址转换

How NAT traversal works in case of peer to peer protocols like bittorrent.

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问题 I know about NAT traversal and about STUN, TURN and ICE and its use. I want to know whether these are implemented in peer to peer file sharing application like bittorrent. Whether trackers facilitate peers behind NATs to communicate with each other by helping in creating direct connection using STUN or relay through TURN. In the case of Distributed Hash Table(DHT) how one peer would communicate with other peer behind NAT ? 回答1: BitTorrent does not need to connect to any particular member in a