in R: find all unique values in column separated by comma
问题 I have multiple observations of one species with different observers / groups of observers and want to create a list of all unique observers. My data look like this: data <- read.table(text="species observer 1 A,B 1 A,B 1 B,E 1 B,E 1 D,E,A,C,C 1 F" , header = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE) My output should return a list of all unique observers - so: A,B,C,E,F I tried to substring the data in column C using the following command but that only returns the unique combinations of observers. all