问题 I read the .der file as follows. byte[] byteKey = File.ReadAllBytes(openFileDialog1.FileName); X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2(byteKey); but it doesn't have private key. It has only public key. cert.HasPrivateKey return false. When I search it, I found that '.der file doesn't have private Key, private Key is in .key file'. I use Notepad ++ to open a .key file in the same path as the .der file, the broken text will be printed. first question, How to read private key from .key file