现在的比赛，想要拿到一个好的名次，就一定要进行模型融合，这里总结一下三种基础的模型：
- lightgbm：由于现在的比赛数据越来越大，想要获得一个比较高的预测精度，同时又要减少内存占用以及提升训练速度，lightgbm是一个非常不错的选择，其可达到与xgboost相似的预测效果。
- xgboost：在lightgbm出来之前，是打比赛的不二之选，现在由于需要做模型融合以提高预测精度，所以也需要使用到xgboost。
- ANN：得益于现在的计算机技术的高度发展，以及GPU性能的提高，还有Keras，tensorflow，pytorch等多重工具的使用，人工神经网络也可以作为最后模型融合的子模型之一，可以有效地提升最终的预测结果。
下面附上使用三个函数的Python代码，可以直接运行。（参考：https://blog.csdn.net/meyh0x5vdtk48p2/article/details/78816334）
LGB
def LGB_predict(train_x,train_y,test_x,res,index): print("LGB test") clf = lgb.LGBMClassifier( boosting_type='gbdt', num_leaves=31, reg_alpha=0.0, reg_lambda=1, max_depth=-1, n_estimators=5000, objective='binary', subsample=0.7, colsample_bytree=0.7, subsample_freq=1, learning_rate=0.05, min_child_weight=50, random_state=2018, n_jobs=-1 ) clf.fit(train_x, train_y, eval_set=[(train_x, train_y)], eval_metric='auc',early_stopping_rounds=100) res['score'+str(index)] = clf.predict_proba(test_x)[:,1] res['score'+str(index)] = res['score'+str(index)].apply(lambda x: float('%.6f' % x)) print(str(index)+' predict finish!') gc.collect() res=res.reset_index(drop=True) return res['score'+str(index)]XGB
def XGB_predict(train_x,train_y,val_X,val_Y,test_x,res): print("XGB test") # create dataset for lightgbm xgb_val = xgb.DMatrix(val_X, label=val_Y) xgb_train = xgb.DMatrix(X_train, label=y_train) xgb_test = xgb.DMatrix(test_x) # specify your configurations as a dict params = { 'booster': 'gbtree', # 'objective': 'multi:softmax', # 多分类的问题、 # 'objective': 'multi:softprob', # 多分类概率 'objective': 'binary:logistic', 'eval_metric': 'auc', # 'num_class': 9, # 类别数，与 multisoftmax 并用 'gamma': 0.1, # 用于控制是否后剪枝的参数,越大越保守，一般0.1、0.2这样子。 'max_depth': 8, # 构建树的深度，越大越容易过拟合 'alpha': 0, # L1正则化系数 'lambda': 10, # 控制模型复杂度的权重值的L2正则化项参数，参数越大，模型越不容易过拟合。 'subsample': 0.7, # 随机采样训练样本 'colsample_bytree': 0.5, # 生成树时进行的列采样 'min_child_weight': 3, # 这个参数默认是 1，是每个叶子里面 h 的和至少是多少，对正负样本不均衡时的 0-1 分类而言 # ，假设 h 在 0.01 附近，min_child_weight 为 1 意味着叶子节点中最少需要包含 100 个样本。 # 这个参数非常影响结果，控制叶子节点中二阶导的和的最小值，该参数值越小，越容易 overfitting。 'silent': 0, # 设置成1则没有运行信息输出，最好是设置为0. 'eta': 0.03, # 如同学习率 'seed': 1000, 'nthread': -1, # cpu 线程数 'missing': 1, 'scale_pos_weight': (np.sum(y==0)/np.sum(y==1)) # 用来处理正负样本不均衡的问题,通常取：sum(negative cases) / sum(positive cases) # 'eval_metric': 'auc' } plst = list(params.items()) num_rounds = 5000 # 迭代次数 watchlist = [(xgb_train, 'train'), (xgb_val, 'val')] # 交叉验证 # result = xgb.cv(plst, xgb_train, num_boost_round=200, nfold=4, early_stopping_rounds=200, verbose_eval=True, folds=StratifiedKFold(n_splits=4).split(X, y)) # 训练模型并保存 # early_stopping_rounds 当设置的迭代次数较大时，early_stopping_rounds 可在一定的迭代次数内准确率没有提升就停止训练 model = xgb.train(plst, xgb_train, num_rounds, watchlist, early_stopping_rounds=200) res['score'] = model.predict(xgb_test) res['score'] = res['score'].apply(lambda x: float('%.6f' % x)) return resANN
imp = Imputer(missing_values='NaN', strategy='mean', axis=0) X_train = imp.fit_transform(X_train) sc = StandardScaler(with_mean=False) sc.fit(X_train) X_train = sc.transform(X_train) val_X = sc.transform(val_X) X_test = sc.transform(X_test) ann_scale = 1 from keras.layers import Embedding model = Sequential() model.add(Embedding(X_train.shape[1] + 1, EMBEDDING_DIM, input_length=MAX_SEQUENCE_LENGTH)) #model.add(Dense(int(256 / ann_scale), input_shape=(X_train.shape[1],))) model.add(Dense(int(256 / ann_scale))) model.add(Activation('tanh')) model.add(Dropout(0.3)) model.add(Dense(int(512 / ann_scale))) model.add(Activation('relu')) model.add(Dropout(0.3)) model.add(Dense(int(512 / ann_scale))) model.add(Activation('tanh')) model.add(Dropout(0.3)) model.add(Dense(int(256 / ann_scale))) model.add(Activation('linear')) model.add(Dense(1)) model.add(Activation('sigmoid')) # For a multi-class classification problem model.summary() class_weight1 = class_weight.compute_class_weight('balanced', np.unique(y), y) #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # AUC for a binary classifier def auc(y_true, y_pred): ptas = tf.stack([binary_PTA(y_true,y_pred,k) for k in np.linspace(0, 1, 1000)],axis=0) pfas = tf.stack([binary_PFA(y_true,y_pred,k) for k in np.linspace(0, 1, 1000)],axis=0) pfas = tf.concat([tf.ones((1,)) ,pfas],axis=0) binSizes = -(pfas[1:]-pfas[:-1]) s = ptas*binSizes return K.sum(s, axis=0) # PFA, prob false alert for binary classifier def binary_PFA(y_true, y_pred, threshold=K.variable(value=0.5)): y_pred = K.cast(y_pred >= threshold, 'float32') # N = total number of negative labels N = K.sum(1 - y_true) # FP = total number of false alerts, alerts from the negative class labels FP = K.sum(y_pred - y_pred * y_true) return FP/N # P_TA prob true alerts for binary classifier def binary_PTA(y_true, y_pred, threshold=K.variable(value=0.5)): y_pred = K.cast(y_pred >= threshold, 'float32') # P = total number of positive labels P = K.sum(y_true) # TP = total number of correct alerts, alerts from the positive class labels TP = K.sum(y_pred * y_true) return TP/P #----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- model.compile(loss='binary_crossentropy', optimizer='rmsprop', # metrics=['accuracy'], metrics=[auc]) epochs = 100 model.fit(X_train, y, epochs=epochs, batch_size=2000, validation_data=(val_X, val_y), shuffle=True, class_weight = class_weight1)文章来源: 数据比赛常用预测模型：LGB、XGB与ANN