十分钟-Nginx入门到上线

由 匿名 (未验证) 提交于 2019-12-02 22:10:10

前言


基础知识

使用 uname -a 查看Linux 内核版本,如下是Centos 6.5的显示：

Linux VM_26_145_centos 2.6.32-504.30.3.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Jul 15 10:13:09 UTC 2015 x86_64 x

下载
Nginx官网提供了三个类型的版本：

Mainline version：Mainline 是 Nginx 目前主力在做的版本，可以说是开发版
Stable version：最新稳定版，生产环境上建议使用的版本
Legacy versions：遗留的老版本的稳定版
编译与安装
nginx依赖以下模块:

gzip模块需要 zlib 库 及其开发环境
rewrite模块需要 pcre 库及开发环境
ssl 功能需要openssl库及开发环境以及 yum install -y gcc-c++ 环境。

以gzip 模块为例，查看以下模块是否安装：

rpm -qa |grep zlib

如果没有安装，那么就 yum install zlib zlib-devel。


最简单的编译安装 Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-1.10.2.tar.gz 解压以后进入到

[root@VM_26_145_centos nginx-1.10.2]# ./configure
[root@VM_26_145_centos nginx-1.10.2]# make
[root@VM_26_145_centos nginx-1.10.2]# make install

Configuration summary

  • using system PCRE library
  • OpenSSL library is not used
  • md5: using system crypto library
  • sha1: using system crypto library

  • using system zlib library

    nginx path prefix: "/usr/local/nginx"
    nginx binary file: "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
    nginx configuration prefix: "/usr/local/nginx/conf"
    nginx configuration file: "/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
    nginx pid file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
    nginx error log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log"
    nginx http access log file: "/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log"
    nginx http client request body temporary files: "client_body_temp"
    nginx http proxy temporary files: "proxy_temp"
    nginx http fastcgi temporary files: "fastcgi_temp"
    nginx http uwsgi temporary files: "uwsgi_temp"
    nginx http scgi temporary files: "scgi_temp"

可以看到默认的安装目录以及一些基本的配置。
启动

[root@VM_26_145_centos nginx]# sbin/nginx -c conf/nginx.conf

nginx配置
在/usr/local/nginx/conf(默认配置)中，有一个nginx.conf文件。nginx.conf的代码是这样的：

user nobody;

worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log  logs/access.log  main; sendfile        on; #tcp_nopush     on; #keepalive_timeout  0; keepalive_timeout  65; #gzip  on; server {     listen       80;     server_name  localhost;     #charset koi8-r;     #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;     location / {         root   html;         index  index.html index.htm;     }     #error_page  404              /404.html;     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html     #     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;     location = /50x.html {         root   html;     }     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80     #     #location ~ \.php$ {     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;     #}     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000     #     #location ~ \.php$ {     #    root           html;     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;     #    include        fastcgi_params;     #}      # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root     # concurs with nginx's one     #     #location ~ /\.ht {     #    deny  all;     #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { #    listen       8000; #    listen       somename:8080; #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;  #    location / { #        root   html; #        index  index.html index.htm; #    } #}  # HTTPS server # #server { #    listen       443 ssl; #    server_name  localhost;  #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem; #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;  #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m; #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;  #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;  #    location / { #        root   html; #        index  index.html index.htm; #    } #}

}

删掉不必要的文件,基本文件类型是这个样子：

user nobody;

worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log  logs/access.log  main; sendfile        on; #tcp_nopush     on; #keepalive_timeout  0; keepalive_timeout  65; #gzip  on;  server {     listen       80;     server_name  localhost;             #charset koi8-r;     #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;     location / {         root   html;         index  index.html index.htm;     } }

}

error_log /disk/nginx/logs/error.log;
accsess_log 去掉 mian 。 main 表示的用户自定义的日志格式的名字。 目前并没有设置。**

假设开发人员改变了nginx.conf配置，测试nginx.conf是否合法：

[root@VM_220_53_centos nginx]# sbin/nginx -t -c conf/nginx.conf
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

nginx配置文件架构的图：

###https

限流

limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m rate=1r/s;
limit_req_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m rate=10r/s;

server {
...
limit_req zone=perip burst=5 nodelay;
limit_req zone=perserver burst=10;
}


burst一秒中可以访问的数据量。burst相当于一个授权令牌,每秒中每次查询,当前burst-1,查询结束,burst+1;
如果burst为0时,访问不了。
**> public class TestNginx {

@Test public void testMobileIsUsed() {     for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {         HttpResponse response = HttpRequest.get("http://123.206.18.37:8088/").send();         if (response.statusCode() != 200) {             assertEquals(1, 0);         }         System.out.println(response.bodyText());      } }

}


实例配置：

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
error_log /disk/nginx/logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 2048;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
access_log /disk/nginx/logs/host.access.log;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip  on;   limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=perip:10m rate=1r/s;    limit_req_zone $server_name zone=perserver:10m rate=10r/s; # HTTPS server server {     limit_req zone=perip burst=5 nodelay;//限流配置     limit_req zone=perserver burst=10;     listen 443;     server_name mp.baidu.com;     ssl on;     ssl_certificate  1_mp.baidu.com_bundle.crt;     ssl_certificate_key  2_mp.baidu.com.key;     ssl_session_timeout 5m;     ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;      ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;     ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;     location / {         root   html;         index  index.html index.htm;         proxy_pass http://10.105.26.210;  //直接转发     } }

}

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