1.1 PATH linux
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
1.2 linux
BIOS
MBR
GRUB
init
/etc/inittab
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit
/etc/rc.d/rc
mingetty
1.3 linux
1.
2.PATH
1).
command not found
2).
实例1-1 oldboy(:oldboy)
mkdir /oldboy -p
cd /oldboy
mkdir ext/oldboy test xiaodong xiaofan xingfujie -p
touch jeacen oldboy wodi.gz yingsui.gz
方法1-tree
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# tree -dL 1
.
├―― ext
├―― test
├―― xiaodong
├―― xiaofan
└―― xingfujie
5 directories
方法2-find
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# find -maxdepth 1 -type d
.
./xiaodong
./xiaofan
./test
./ext
./xingfujie
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# find -maxdepth 1 -type d -name "."
.
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# find -maxdepth 1 -type d ! -name "."
./xiaodong
./xiaofan
./test
./ext
./xingfujie
方法3 d开头的
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# ll |grep "^d"
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 ext
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 19:24 test
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xiaodong
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xiaofan
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xingfujie
方法4 第2列大于1
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# ll |awk '$2>1'
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 ext
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 19:24 test
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xiaodong
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xiaofan
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xingfujie
方法5 ls
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# ls -F
alex.txt jeacen oldboy.txt test.sh t.sh.bak xiaodong/ xingfujie/
ext/ oldboy test/ t.sh wodi.gz xiaofan/ yingsui.gz
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# #-F 不同类型的文件 加上不同的标记 目录/
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# ls -F |grep "/"
ext/
test/
xiaodong/
xiaofan/
xingfujie/
方法6 *目录标记
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# ls -ld */
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 ext/
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 16 19:24 test/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xiaodong/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xiaofan/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 19 23:59 xingfujie/
实例1-2 /etc/目录为linux
a. tar/etc
b. tar/etc/etc/services
c. a/tmptar
1.创建压缩包
tar zcvf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc/
#z gzip 通过gzip 软件压缩
#c create 创建包
#v verbose 显示过程
#f file 指定文件
2.查看压缩包内容
tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
#t list 显示压缩包内容
3.解压
tar zxf etc.tar.gz
#x extract 解压
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /tmp]# ll /tmp/etc.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9734648 Jul 20 01:41 /tmp/etc.tar.gz
解压到/opt
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /tmp]# tar xf /tmp/etc.tar.gz -C /opt/
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /tmp]# ll /opt/
total 12
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 01:16 data
drwxr-xr-x 78 root root 4096 Jul 19 20:43 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Mar 26 2015 rh
b.请用tar打包/etc整个目录（打包及压缩，但需要排除/etc/services文件）。
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /tmp]# tar zcf /tmp/etc-pai.tar.gz /etc/ --exclude /etc/services
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /tmp]# tar tf /tmp/etc-pai.tar.gz |grep services
etc/init/readahead-disable-services.conf
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /tmp]# tar tf /tmp/etc.tar.gz |grep services
etc/init/readahead-disable-services.conf
etc/services
tar zcf /tmp/etc-pai.tar.gz /etc/ --exclude /etc/services
tar命令经典故障
Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# tar zcf /tmp/etc.tar.gz /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
把压缩包中的开头的/(根)删除掉
背后过程：
打包压缩过程中 文件或目录 绝对路径---->相对路径
打包的时候：
/etc/host
/etc/profile
压缩包中样子
etc/host
etc/profile
这个提示原因: 防止解压的时候覆盖源文件。
实例1-3 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
cd - 进入到上一次所在的位置
An argument of - is equivalent to $OLDPWD.
cd - === cd $OLDPWD
cd . 进入当前目录
cd .. 进入上一级目录
cd ~ 进入当前目录的家目录
实例1-4
ls -lrt
#-r 逆序
#-t 按照修改时间
调试系统服务时，希望能实时查看系统日志/var/log/secure的更新,如何做？
-F == -f --try 如果文件不存在 会不断重试
tail -f /var/log/secure
[root@oldboy50-01 ~]# ll -t
total 52
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10 Jul 17 04:28 oldboy.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 56 Jul 16 18:42 *.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Jul 15 01:48 oldboy
-rw-------. 1 root root 1160 Jul 14 23:41 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21736 Jul 14 23:41 install.log
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 5890 Jul 14 23:38 install.log.syslog
实例1-5 nginx.conf
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# #{1..5} 生成序列
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# echo {1..10}
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# echo {01..10}
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# echo stu{01..10} |xargs -n1
stu01
stu02
stu03
stu04
stu05
stu06
stu07
stu08
stu09
stu10
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# echo stu{01..10} |xargs -n1 >nginx.conf
方法1 cat
[root@oldboyedu50-lnb /oldboy]# cat -n nginx.conf
1 stu01
2 stu02
3 stu03
4 stu04
5 stu05
6 stu06
7 stu07
8 stu08
9 stu09
10 stu10
方法2 vim
:set nu #显示行号
:set nonu #取消显示行号
第2章 vmware
(T)(C)
: G:\VMware\01\50-01.vmx
1.
2.everything .lck .lck 目录 vmware
原文：http://blog.51cto.com/13858927/2149098