用下面这个简单的迷宫图作为例子：
OXXXXXXX OOOOOXXX XOXXOOOX XOXXOXXO XOXXXXXX XOXXOOOX XOOOOXOO XXXXXXXO
O为通路，X为障碍物。
深度优先搜索就像是一条路走到黑，走到黑，黑了再回来。有种递归的感觉。
深度优先搜索（DFS）
1 #include<iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3
4 char a1[] = {'O','X','X','X','X','X','X','X','\0'};
5 char a2[] = {'O','O','O','O','O','X','X','X','\0'};
6 char a3[] = {'X','O','X','X','O','O','O','X','\0'};
7 char a4[] = {'X','O','X','X','O','X','X','O','\0'};
8 char a5[] = {'X','O','X','X','X','X','X','X','\0'};
9 char a6[] = {'X','O','X','X','O','O','O','X','\0'};
10 char a7[] = {'X','O','O','O','O','X','O','O','\0'};
11 char a8[] = {'X','X','X','X','X','X','X','O','\0'};
12 char *p[8] = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8};
13
14 int offset[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}}; //偏移量为一位大小，顺序为：上（x-1）、下（x+1）、左(y-1)、右(y+1)
15
16 void DFS(int x, int y)
17 {
18 if(x == 7 && y == 7) //找到出口
19 {
20 p[x][y] = '*';
21 cout << "One path of the maze:" << endl;
22 for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
23 cout << p[i] << endl;
24 cout << endl;
25 }
26 for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) //寻找可行的路径
27 {
28 int nx = x + offset[i][0]; //试探可走路径，下一位置为当前位置加上偏移量
29 int ny = y + offset[i][1];
30 if(nx>=0 && nx<=7 && ny>=0 && ny<=7 && p[nx][ny]!='X' && p[nx][ny]!='*') //找到可行路径
31 {
32 p[x][y] = '*'; //画出路径
33 DFS(nx, ny); //继续搜索
34 p[x][y] = 'O'; //走不下去了回退
35 }
36 }
37 }
38
39 int main()
40 {
41 cout << "The size of the maze： row 8， col 8" << endl;
42 cout << "The map: " << endl;
43 for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
44 cout << p[i] << endl;
45
46 DFS(0, 0);
47 return 0;
48 }
广度优先搜索则是遍历与当前位置相邻的所有可行点，就像是病毒，传播速度很快。一传十，十传百的感觉。
求解时需要与队列相结合。
广度优先搜索（BFS）
1 #include<iostream>
2 #include<cstring>
3 using namespace std;
4
5 char a1[] = {'O','X','X','X','X','X','X','X','\0'};
6 char a2[] = {'O','O','O','O','O','X','X','X','\0'};
7 char a3[] = {'X','O','X','X','O','O','O','X','\0'};
8 char a4[] = {'X','O','X','X','O','X','X','O','\0'};
9 char a5[] = {'X','O','X','X','X','X','X','X','\0'};
10 char a6[] = {'X','O','X','X','O','O','O','X','\0'};
11 char a7[] = {'X','O','O','O','O','X','O','O','\0'};
12 char a8[] = {'X','X','X','X','X','X','X','O','\0'};
13 char *p[8] = {a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8};
14
15 int offset[4][2] = {{-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}};
16 int vis[8][8]; //用来标记是否访问过当前位置
17 int cnt = 0;
18
19 struct Position{
20 int x, y; //当前位置
21 int pre; //前驱点
22 }path[8*8], myqueue[8*8];
23
24 void BFS()
25 {
26 memset(vis, 0, sizeof(vis));
27 int front = 0, rear = 0;
28
29 myqueue[rear].x = 0; //入口入队
30 myqueue[rear].y = 0;
31 myqueue[rear].pre = -1;
32 rear++;
33
34 Position* tmp;
35 while(front < rear)
36 {
37 tmp = &myqueue[front]; //当前位置出队
38
39 if(tmp->x == 7 && tmp->y == 7) //到达出口
40 {
41 while(tmp->pre != -1) //回溯寻找路径
42 {
43 path[cnt].x = tmp->x; //记录可行路径的位置
44 path[cnt].y =tmp->y;
45 cnt++;
46 tmp = &myqueue[tmp->pre];
47 }
48
49 for(int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) //在地图中可视化路径
50 {
51 p[0][0] = '*';
52 p[path[i].x][path[i].y] = '*';
53 }
54 cout << "One path of the maze:" << endl;
55 for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
56 cout << p[i] << endl;
57 cout << endl;
58 break;
59 }
60
61 for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) //遍历相邻点
62 {
63 int nx = tmp->x + offset[i][0]; //试探路径
64 int ny = tmp->y + offset[i][1];
65 if(nx>=0 && nx<=7 && ny>=0 && ny<=7 && p[nx][ny]!='X' && vis[nx][ny]!=1) //满足条件入队
66 {
67 vis[nx][ny] = 1;
68 myqueue[rear].x = nx;
69 myqueue[rear].y = ny;
70 myqueue[rear].pre = front;
71 rear++;
72 }
73 }
74 front++;
75 }
76 }
77
78 int main()
79 {
80 cout << "The size of the maze： row 8， col 8" << endl;
81 cout << "The map: " << endl;
82 for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
83 cout << p[i] << endl;
84
85 BFS();
86 return 0;
87 }
这是一个只有一条通路的迷宫，具体要根据需求进行修改以满足。