问题
I just recently set up my Vim environment from Textmate, after becoming addicted to its modal input.
However, syntax highlighting seems to be not so beautiful in Vim. I code in C++ and since the function call and class names can\'t be highlighted, the code is more difficult to read. I played with color scheme for a bit, but couldn\'t find any field that corresponded to \"class name\" or \"function name\".
In the picture below, notice how DroughtLayer:: and *.size() is not highlighted on the right in MacVim.
(source: ivzhao.com)
Any ideas how to solve this? It really annoys me as I am so much a visual-sensitive guy.
回答1:
Interestingly, the syntax highlighters in VIM don't support applying a syntax to identifiers or function names - at least not the syntax highlighters for C and C++. So, even if you do:
:hi Function guifg=red
or
:hi Identifier guifg=red
it doesn't give these a color. I just seems to be not much more than keywords and constants for these languages.
Here, someone has started extending the cpp syntax file to support method names. It's a start I guess. http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Highlighting_of_method_names_in_the_definition
回答2:
I had this very same problem when I started using vim. The solution is simple, you just have to edit the c syntax file used by vim, here's how to do it:
When you start editing a C or C++ file, vim reads the default c syntax file located in
$VIMRUNTIME/syntax/c.vim
(Where $VIMRUNTIME is where you have vim installed. You can find out it's default value by opening vim and using the command ":echo $VIMRUNTIME").
You can simply overwrite that file, or you can create your custom C syntax file (which will be loaded by vim instead of the default one) in this location:
$HOME/.vim/syntax/c.vim (for UNIX)
$HOME/vimfiles/syntax/c.vim (for PC or OS/2)
(I have never used a Mac so I dunno which one will work for you. You can find out more in the vim help, ":help vimfiles")
Now the fun part. Copy the default "$VIMRUNTIME/syntax/c.vim" file to your vimfiles directory ("$HOME/.vim/syntax/c.vim" for UNIX), and edit it by adding these lines:
" Highlight Class and Function names syn match cCustomParen "(" contains=cParen,cCppParen syn match cCustomFunc "\w\+\s*(" contains=cCustomParen syn match cCustomScope "::" syn match cCustomClass "\w\+\s*::" contains=cCustomScope hi def link cCustomFunc Function hi def link cCustomClass Function
That's it! Now functions and class names will be highlighted with the color defined in the "Function" highlight (":hi Function"). If you want to customize colors, you can change the last two lines above to something like this:
hi def cCustomFunc gui=bold guifg=yellowgreen
hi def cCustomClass gui=reverse guifg=#00FF00
or you can leave the C syntax file alone and define colors in your vimrc file (":help vimrc"):
hi cCustomFunc gui=bold guifg=yellowgreen
hi cCustomClass gui=reverse guifg=#00FF00
(Note the absence of the "def" keyword, go to ":help highlight-default" for details). For the available parameters to the ":hi" command see ":help :highlight".
You can find the complete c.vim file for Vim 7.2 on this link (Note: only use this if you have a non-modified Vim, version 7.2):
http://pastebin.com/f33aeab77
And the obligatory screenshot:
回答3:
this is my first post here and i didn't know how to make an observation, the answer of Eduardo makes "(" and "{" look unmached and bugs syntax foldind, I changed it a little to fix this.
syn match cCustomParen "?=(" contains=cParen,cCppParen
syn match cCustomFunc "\w\+\s*(\@=" contains=cCustomParen
syn match cCustomScope "::"
syn match cCustomClass "\w\+\s*::" contains=cCustomScope
hi def cCustomFunc gui=bold guifg=yellowgreen
hi def link cCustomClass Function
回答4:
The one solution is to use built ctags database. So create one with the ctags utility. Then set the 'tags' variable and put the following to the
~/.vim/after/syntax/c.vim
function! s:highlight()
let list = taglist('.*')
for item in list
let kind = item.kind
if kind == 'f' || kind == 'c'
let name = item.name
exec 'syntax keyword Identifier '.name
endif
endfor
endfunction
call s:highlight()
I must warn you that this can work very slow on the very big ctags database.
Also there is one solution on the vim.org but I didn't try this one. Let me know if it works for you.
回答5:
EDIT: color_coded may be too heavy for you. try octol/vim-cpp-enhanced-highlight. It supports C++11/14 and integrates what @Eduardo answers.
Semantic based highlighter:
I would recommend jeaye/color_coded,
A vim plugin for libclang-based highlighting
So sorry that i'm new to stackoverflow which means I've not enough reputation to post images. Go see its effects if you wanna give it a shot. :)
Pros:
- Easy installation
- Semantic highlighting
- Clighter mentioned as above, need vim compiled with
python2.7. However, color_coded is written in C++ and provides lua binding -> C++.
Cons:
- It delays unless you make some vim events to acitve it.
- Customization is bit harder; you need to edit syntax/color_coded.vim yourself. But customization has been placed on its roadmap.
Although it's still under development, it's increasingly gaining attention.
回答6:
Sergey, changing the first line from
syn match cCustomParen "(" contains=cParen,cCppParen
to
syn match cCustomParen "(" contains=cParen contains=cCppParen
seems to fix it for me.
回答7:
Use a plug-in for vim like Taglist or set up ctags or cscope integration with vim (here's a tutorial for the vim/cscope.)
回答8:
Try using this plugin http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=2646 Its does all ctags highlighting very efficiently for you
回答9:
I really recommend you the taghighlight plugin, click here for it's website.
回答10:
The Clighter plugin can also be considered, which is a
plugin for c-family semantic source code highlighting, based on Clang
However, requires fairly recent versions and software: vim 7.4.330 +python2 and libclang.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/736701/class-function-names-highlighting-in-vim