Remove all characters from a string who's ordinals are out of range

问题

What is a good way to remove all characters that are out of the range: ordinal(128) from a string in python?

I'm using hashlib.sha256 in python 2.7. I'm getting the exception:

UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u200e' in position 13: ordinal not in range(128)

I assume this means that some funky character found its way into the string that I am trying to hash.

Thanks!

回答1:

new_safe_str = some_string.encode('ascii','ignore') 

I think would work

or you could do a list comprehension

"".join([ch for ch in orig_string if ord(ch)<= 128])

[edit] however as others have said it may be better to figure out how to deal with unicode in general... unless you really need it encoded as ascii for some reason

回答2:

Instead of removing those characters, it would be better to use an encoding that hashlib won't choke on, utf-8 for example:

>>> data = u'\u200e'
>>> hashlib.sha256(data.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
'e76d0bc0e98b2ad56c38eebda51da277a591043c9bc3f5c5e42cd167abc7393e'

回答3:

This is an example of where the changes in python3 will make an improvement, or at least generate a clearer error message

Python2

>>> import hashlib
>>> funky_string=u"You owe me £100"
>>> hashlib.sha256(funky_string)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\xa3' in position 11: ordinal not in range(128)
>>> hashlib.sha256(funky_string.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
'81ebd729153b49aea50f4f510972441b350a802fea19d67da4792b025ab6e68e'
>>> 

Python3

>>> import hashlib
>>> funky_string="You owe me £100"
>>> hashlib.sha256(funky_string)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing
>>> hashlib.sha256(funky_string.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()
'81ebd729153b49aea50f4f510972441b350a802fea19d67da4792b025ab6e68e'
>>> 

The real problem is that sha256 takes a sequence of bytes which python2 doesn't have a clear concept of. Use .encode("utf-8") is what I'd suggest.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10923375/remove-all-characters-from-a-string-whos-ordinals-are-out-of-range