架构优点:(1)99%高可用;
(2)读写分离,负载均衡;
(3)自动故障切换(4)自动切换主从
架构缺点:(1)需要在每一个mysql节点安装mmm-agent,新加入节点之后要修改每一台的mmm_common.conf配置文件
(2)amoeba目前无人维护,这是最大的安全隐患。
1.架构图
2.所需软件
名称 版本 下载地址
mysql server mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.27, for Linux (x86_64) yum源安装,yum源地址:http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
mysql-mmm 2.2.1 yum源安装
amoeba amoeba-mysql-3.0.5-RC https://sourceforge.net/projects/amoeba/files/
3.机器配置与ip地址
机器名 ip地址 配置 用途
amoeba1 192.168.2.155/192.168.10.30 4G,4C amoeba+mmm_monitor+keepalived (主)
amoeba2 192.168.2.156/192.168.10.31 4G,4C amoeba+mmm_monitor+keepalived (备)
db1 192.168.10.155(与常用2段隔离,排除网络干扰) 8G,4C mysql master1+mmm_agent
db2 192.168.10.156 8G,4C mysql master2+mmm_agent
db3 192.168.10.157 8G,4C mysql slave1+mmm_agent
4.虚拟地址规划
虚拟ip地址 IP角色 功能描述
192.168.10.88 可写IP 可以连接此ip进行读写,此地址应该被配置成可在mysql master hosts之间飘移,但是不会飘移到slave上
192.168.10.12 只读IP 可以连接此ip进行读,此地址可以被配置成可在所有的mysql server中漂移
192.168.10.13 只读IP 可以连接此ip进行读,此地址可以被配置成可在所有的mysql server中漂移
192.168.10.14 只读IP 可以连接此ip进行读,此地址可以被配置成可在所有的mysql server中漂移
5.安装,配置mysql server
(1)获取官方yum源: wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
(2)安装源:yum install mysql57-community-release-el6-7.noarch.rpm
(3)默认yum安装的是5.7,我们修改yum源,下载5.6的mysql server
(4)进入yum源配置文件:cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
(5)找到并编辑:vim mysql-community.repo
找到下面这些内容:enabled=1就是可用,把[mysql56-community]段的enabled=0改为enabled=1,相应的把[mysql57-community]段的改为0,保存退出
# Enable to use MySQL 5.6
[mysql56-community]
name=MySQL 5.6 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.6-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
[mysql57-community]
name=MySQL 5.7 Community Server
baseurl=http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
(6)查找安装包(会更新源,时间几分钟,看你的网速咯):yum list |grep mysql
(7)如果顺利就会看到这一行:mysql-community-server.x86_64 5.6.27-2.el6
(8)没错就是它,安装:yum install -y mysql-community-server.x86_6
(9)启动(这一步会自动初始化一些内容):service mysqld start
(10)修改root密码:mysqladmin -uroot --password ‘xxxxx’
(11)修改配置文件,我测试时候的配置文件(除了server-id=1这个参数在db2上为2,在db3上为3,其他参数都一样):
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#validate-password=OFF
back_log=1024
max_connections = 10000
max_connect_errors = 1000
read_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size = 64M
key_buffer_size=400M
max_allowed_packet=128M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
query_cache_size = 0
#init_connect='SET autocommit=0'
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Recommended in standard MySQL setup
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#replication setting
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
#for mmm setting mmm会在可写的机器上执行read_only=0,所以我们先把所有的机器都设置为只读,只读不包括root,replication用户
read_only=1
#log
#general_log=1
#general_log_file=/var/log/mysql_row.log
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
6.从最上面的架构图中可以看出,这里只有一个主主(db1,db2),一个主从(db1,db3),下面分别配置主主,主从
7.mysql主主复制配置
(1)分别编辑db1,db2配置文件:配置非常简单,只增加三行(db2的唯一不同:server-id=2)
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
(2)手动同步数据
(3)mysql>FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK
(4)不要退出终端,另外开一个,用mysqldump工具导出所有数据库数据,到db2数据库中
(5)在db1(192.168.10.155)的mysql上授权:grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl_user'@'192.168.10.156' identified by 'repl_password';
(6)查看db1的master状态,设置从(db2机器的mysql)的时候需要
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 336 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
(7)在db2中设置master参数,(master_log_file,master_log_pos,都来自上一步)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.10.156', master_user='repl_user',master_password='repl_passwd',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=336;
(8)启动db2从的复制
mysql>slave start;
(9)查看从的状态
mysql>show slave status\G;
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
看到这几行说明复制成功。
(10)把db1设置为db2的从
方法同上,重复(5)-(9),只是把db1和db2,相应的IP地址互换即可,注意重复第(7)的时候master_log_file,master_log_pos是db2的master status了。
8.把db3(192.168.10.157)设置为db1的从
方法通与7步类似,重复其中的(1)-(7)步,只是把db2和192.168.10.156换成db3和192.168.10.157。
9.至此,mysql的设置全部完成。
10.设置MMM,实现高可用,读写分离,负载均衡
可以看到我们的先前数据库架构不是高可用的:如果db1宕机,只能手工切换主备,还要把db3的master切换为db2。所以我们用MMM来实现自动切换主备,主从。
在amoeba1(192.168.10.30)上安装MMM
yum install -y mysql-mmm.noarch mysql-mmm-agent.noarch mysql-mmm-monitor.noarch mysql-mmm-tools.noarch
分别在db1,db2,db3(每个mysql节点)上安装mysql-mmm-agent.noarch
yum install -y mysql-mmm-agent.noarch
在所有mysql节点进行监控和代理用户授权
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to mmm_agent@'192.168.10.%' identified by 'agent_password';
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to mmm_monitor@'192.168.10.%' identified by 'monitor_password';
在amoeba1上配置/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf
active_master_role writer
<host default>
cluster_interface eth0
pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_agentd.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/
replication_user repl_user
replication_password repl_passwd
agent_user mmm_agent
agent_password agent_password
</host>
<host db1>
ip 192.168.10.155
mode master
peer db2
</host>
<host db2>
ip 192.168.10.156
mode master
peer db1
</host>
<host db3>
ip 192.168.10.157
mode slave
</host>
<role writer>
hosts db1, db2
ips 192.168.10.88
mode exclusive
</role>
<role reader>
hosts db1, db2, db3
ips 192.168.10.12, 192.168.10.13, 192.168.10.14
mode balanced
</role>
在amoeba1上配置/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_mon.conf
include mmm_common.conf
<monitor>
ip 127.0.0.1
pid_path /var/run/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.pid
bin_path /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm
status_path /var/lib/mysql-mmm/mmm_mond.status
ping_ips 192.168.10.155, 192.168.10.156, 192.168.10.157
auto_set_online 1
#flap_duration 3600
#flap_count 3
# The kill_host_bin does not exist by default, though the monitor will
# throw a warning about it missing. See the section 5.10 "Kill Host
# Functionality" in the PDF documentation.
#
# kill_host_bin /usr/libexec/mysql-mmm/monitor/kill_host
#
</monitor>
<host default>
monitor_user mmm_monitor
monitor_password monitor_password
</host>
debug 0
复制/etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf到所有mysql节点
scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf root@db1:/etc/mysql-mmm
scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf root@db2:/etc/mysql-mmm
scp /etc/mysql-mmm/mmm_common.conf root@db3:/etc/mysql-mmm
在所有mysql节点上启动agent
/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-agent start
在amoeba1上起动monitor
/etc/init.d/mysql-mmm-monitor start
在amoeba1上查看状态:mmm_control show
db1(192.168.10.155) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.10.12), writer(192.168.10.88)
db2(192.168.10.156) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.10.13)
db3(192.168.10.157) slave/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.10.14)
可以看到虚拟地址192.168.10.12,192.168.10.13,192.168.10.14,192.168.10.88已经绑定到相应机器的相应网络设备上(ip addr命令可以看到虚拟ip),并且192.168.10.12,192.168.10.13,192.168.10.14可以在db1,db2,db3机器之间飘移,但是192.168.10.88只能在db1,db2之间飘移。如果db1,db3宕机,那么,VIP应该是这样分配的:
db1(192.168.10.155) master/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
db2(192.168.10.156) master/ONLINE. Roles: reader(192.168.10.12), reader(192.168.10.13), reader(192.168.10.14), writer(192.168.10.88)
db3(192.168.10.157) slave/ADMIN_OFFLINE. Roles:
如果db3启动,它的主从复制的master会自动切换到db2上去。
11.安装配置amoeba
这里只是里用MMM虚拟了读写分离的VIP地址,如果要真正实现读写分离,而不用该应用程序代码,要里用amoeba
授权root用户从amoeba1,amoeba2上访问mysql
分别在每个mysql节点上执行:mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
下载安装
在https://sourceforge.net/projects/amoeba/files/下载编译好的二进制包,解压即可使用
编辑conf/amoeba.xml 和dbServers.xml
vim conf/amoeba.xml
<property name="port">3306</property> 代理mysql的端口,自己随意定
<property name="authenticateProvider">
<bean class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.server.MysqlClientAuthenticator">
<property name="user">root</property>代理端口访问的用户名
<property name="password">123456</property>代理端口访问的密码
<property name="LRUMapSize">1500</property>
<property name="defaultPool">writedb</property>默认访问池,如果不能判断一个sql是读还是写,就访问writedb这个池,在dbServers.xml中定义
<property name="writePool">writedb</property>写池,在dbServers.xml中定义
<property name="readPool">myslaves</property>读池,在dbServers.xml中定义
vim conf/dbServers.xml
<dbServer name="abstractServer" abstractive="true">
<factoryConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.mysql.net.MysqlServerConnectionFactory">
<property name="connectionManager">${defaultManager}</property>
<property name="sendBufferSize">256</property>
<property name="receiveBufferSize">512</property>
<!-- mysql port -->
<property name="port">3306</property> 真实的mysql端口,数据库名,用户名,密码
<!-- mysql schema -->
<property name="schema">testdb</property>
<!-- mysql user -->
<property name="user">root</property>
<property name="password">123456</property>
读VIP只有多个
<dbServer name="slave1" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip -->
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.10.12</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="slave2" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip -->
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.10.13</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
<dbServer name="slave3" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip -->
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.10.14</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
写VIP只有一个
<dbServer name="writedb" parent="abstractServer">
<factoryConfig>
<!-- mysql ip -->
<property name="ipAddress">192.168.10.88</property>
</factoryConfig>
</dbServer>
读负载均衡方式
<dbServer name="myslaves" virtual="true">
<poolConfig class="com.meidusa.amoeba.server.MultipleServerPool">
<!-- Load balancing strategy: 1=ROUNDROBIN , 2=WEIGHTBASED , 3=HA-->
<property name="loadbalance">1</property>
<!-- Separated by commas,such as: server1,server2,server1 -->
<property name="poolNames">slave1,slave2,slave3</property>
</poolConfig>
</dbServer>
12.在amoeba1机器上安装配置keepalived,在amoeba1机器上安装配置keepalived,amoeba
keepalived安装配置,网上教程很多,这里不再描述,keepalived只是实现ameoba的高可用。
13.在任意192.168.2或者192.168.10段机器上都可以访问mysql
mysql -uroot -p123456 -hamoeba1 -P3306
14.打开mysql的general_log,观察,执行三个读的操作是在db1,db2,db3上轮流执行,而写只在db1(VIP:192.168.10.88)上
打开general_log的方式(mysql 5.6)在/etc/my.cnf中添加:
general_log=1
general_log_file=/var/log/mysql_row.log
来源:CSDN
作者:crj_9527
链接:https://blog.csdn.net/crj_9527/article/details/50328043