Why does the break statement in ruby behave differently when using Proc.new v. the ampersand sign?

问题

The break statement for blocks (as per The Ruby Programming Language) is defined as follows:

it causes the block to return to its iterator and the iterator to return to the method that invoked it.

Therefore when the following code is run, it results in a LocalJumpError.

def test
    puts "entering test method"
    proc = Proc.new { puts "entering proc"; break }
    proc.call # LocalJumpError: iterator has already returned
    puts "exiting test method"
end
test

While the following code does not throw a LocalJumpError. What is special about the ampersand sign? Doesn't the ampersand sign implicitly use Proc.new?

def iterator(&proc)
    puts "entering iterator"
    proc.call # invoke the proc
    puts "exiting iterator" # Never executed if the proc breaks
end

def test
    iterator { puts "entering proc"; break }
end
test

In other words, I read the ampersand sign as a means of in-lining the Proc.new call. At which point the behavior should be just the same as the first code snippet.

def iterator (p = Proc.new { puts "entering proc"; break})
...
end

Disclaimer: I am newb learning the language (ruby 1.9.2), and therefore will appreciate references and a detailed synopsis.

回答1:

break makes the block and the caller of the block return. In the following code:

proc = Proc.new { break }

The "caller" of the block which is converted to a Proc object is Proc.new. break is supposed to make the caller of the block return, but Proc.new has already returned.

In this code:

def iterator(&b); b.call; end
iterator { break }

The caller of the block is iterator, so it makes iterator return.

回答2:

Here's the answer.

Ampersand is used to convert a proc to a block and a block to a proc.

I changed the example so as to relate to your case:

def run_my_code(&my_code)
 puts 'before proc'
 my_code.call
 puts 'after proc'
end
run_my_code { puts "passing a block, accepting a proc"; break}
=> before proc
   passing a block, accepting a proc

As you can see it didn't reach the 'after proc'

def run_my_code
 yield
end
my_proc = Proc.new  { puts "passing a proc instead of block"; break}
run_my_code &my_proc
=> passing a proc instead of block
   LocalJumpError: break from proc-closure
   from (pry):75:in `block in <main>'

In your second example you have a proc in result, the proc breaks from iterator and returns to test function.

def iterator(&proc)
  puts 'entering iterator'
  proc.call
  puts 'exiting iterator'
end

def test
  puts 'before test'
  iterator { puts 'entering proc'; break }
  puts 'after test'
end

=>before test
entering iterator
entering proc
after test

回答3:

It has to do with the difference between blocks, procs and lambdas - and their respective scopes.

I wrote a post about it back in 2009 that you might find useful: http://www.leonardoborges.com/writings/2009/07/22/procs-lambdas-blocks-whats-the-difference/

Hope this helps.

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8888958/why-does-the-break-statement-in-ruby-behave-differently-when-using-proc-new-v-t