SpringBoot使用消息中间件RabbitMQ

首先在docker中安装rabbitmq,pull 带有web界面的

docker pull rabbitmq:3-management

5672为客户端,15672为web界面端口

docker run -d -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 --name rabbitmq01 镜像id

简要介绍一下rabbitmq的三个Exchange

Fanout（ 广播）
绑定queue时，不用设置routkey
发布消息时，不用设置routkey

Direct （点对点，单播）
绑定queue时，设置routkey
发布消息时，设置routkey，单播

Topic
绑定queue时，使用包含* 和#的表达式
#代表一个或多个单词
*代表一个单词
发布消息时，绑定queue的表达式中，匹配到的queue 则收到消息

接下来在springboot项目中使用rabbitmq
在pom.xml中引入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

配置

spring.rabbitmq.host=120.87.111.104
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest

开启注解

@EnableRabbit
@SpringBootApplication
public class RabbitmqApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RabbitmqApplication.class, args);
    }
}

初始化

    @Autowired
    AmqpAdmin admin;

    //初始化
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        //创建direct
        admin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("admin.direct"));
        //创建fanout
        admin.declareExchange(new FanoutExchange("admin.fanout"));
        //创建topic
        admin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("admin.topic"));
        //创建3个消息队列
        admin.declareQueue(new Queue("admin.lhc1"));
        admin.declareQueue(new Queue("admin.lhc2"));
        admin.declareQueue(new Queue("admin.lhc3"));
        //设置绑定关系
        //设置direct与三个消息队列的关系
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc1", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.direct","admin.lhc1",null));
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc2", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.direct","admin.lhc2",null));
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc3", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.direct","admin.lhc3",null));
        //设置fanout与三个消息队列的关系
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc1",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.fanout","lhc1",null));
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc2",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.fanout","lhc2",null));
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc3",Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.fanout","lhc3",null));
        //设置topic与三个消息队列的关系
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc1", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.topic","admin.lhc.com.#",null));
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc2", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.topic","admin.lhc.#",null));
        admin.declareBinding(new Binding("admin.lhc3", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,"admin.topic","admin.lhc.*",null));
    }

设置MessageConverter

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    //默认使用java的序列化机制，需要修改为Jackson2
    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}

进行相关测试

    //单播
    @Test
    public void test3(){
     User user= new User("1","jackson","123456");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("admin.direct","admin.lhc1",user);
    }
    //广播
    @Test
    public void test5(){
        User user=  new User("1","jerry","123456");
        //不需要传递routKey，但必需传空的字符串，否则消息队列接收不到
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("admin.fanout","",user);
    }

    //topic
    @Test
    public void test6(){
        User user=  new User("1","jack","123456");
        //admin.topic与三个队列的绑定关系如下，故可确定admin.lhc1和admin.lhc2可以收到
        //"admin.lhc.com.#"
        //"admin.lhc.#"
        //"admin.lhc.*"
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("admin.topic","admin.lhc.com.topic",user);
    }

    //接收
    @Test
    public void test4(){
        Object o=rabbitTemplate.receiveAndConvert("admin.lhc1");
        System.out.println(o.getClass());
        System.out.println(o);
    }

还可以在Service中进行监听

@Service
public class  UserService {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "admin.lhc2")
    public void receive2(Message message){
        System.out.println(message.getBody());
        System.out.println(message.getMessageProperties());
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "admin.lhc1")
    //自动类型转化
    public void receive(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
    }

}

来源：CSDN

作者：lhc0512

链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lhc0512/article/details/81103232