netperf 网络性能测试

Netperf是一种网络性能的测量工具，主要针对基于TCP或UDP的传输。Netperf根据应用的不同，可以进行不同模式的网络性能测试，即批量数据传输（bulk data transfer）模式和请求/应答（request/reponse）模式。

工作原理

Netperf工具以client/server方式工作。server端是netserver,用来侦听来自client端的连接,client端是netperf,用来向server发起网络测试.在client与server之间,首先建立一个控制连接,传递有关测试配置的信息,以及测试的结果:在控制连接建立并传递了测试配置信息以后，client与server之间会再建立一个测试连接,进行来回传递特殊的流量模式,以测试网络的性能

软件安装

下载安装Netperf工具

下载链接：ftp://ftp.netperf.org/netperf/
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# wget ftp://ftp.netperf.org/netperf/netperf-2.7.0.tar.gz

安装依赖包gcc cc

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# yum install gcc cc -y

解压安装

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# tar -zxvf netperf-2.7.0.tar.gz
[root@xiesshavip001 netperf-2.7.0]# ./configure 
[root@xiesshavip001 netperf-2.7.0]# make && make install

命令参数介绍

命令行参数包括如下选项：

-H host ：指定远端运行netserver的server IP地址。
-l testlen：指定测试的时间长度（秒）
-t testname：指定进行的测试类型，包括TCP_STREAM，UDP_STREAM，TCP_RR，TCP_CRR，UDP_RR
-s size	设置本地系统的socket发送与接收缓冲大小
-S size	设置远端系统的socket发送与接收缓冲大小
-m size	设置本地系统发送测试分组的大小
-M size	设置远端系统接收测试分组的大小
-D 对本地与远端系统的socket设置TCP_NODELAY选项

netperf 网络测试

TCP_STREAM Netperf缺省情况下进行TCP批量传输,即-t TCP_STREAM。测试过程中,netperf向netserver发送批量的TCP数据分组,以确定数据传输过程中的吞吐量：

[root@xiesshavip002 ~]# netserver  # 服务端启动netserver 服务
Starting netserver with host 'IN(6)ADDR_ANY' port '12865' and family AF_UNSPEC
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf  -H 192.168.130.20 -l 60
MIGRATED TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET
Recv   Send    Send                          
Socket Socket  Message  Elapsed              
Size   Size    Size     Time     Throughput  
bytes  bytes   bytes    secs.    10^6bits/sec  
 87380  16384  16384    60.01     935.66   
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# 
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf  -H 192.168.130.20 -l 60 -- -m 10240   # 修改发送的包的大小
MIGRATED TCP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET
Recv   Send    Send                          
Socket Socket  Message  Elapsed              
Size   Size    Size     Time     Throughput  
bytes  bytes   bytes    secs.    10^6bits/sec  

 87380  16384  10240    60.02     937.58   
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#

UDP_STREAM UDP_STREAM用来测试进行UDP批量传输时的网络性能。注意:此时测试分组的大小不得大于socket的发送与接收缓冲大小，否则netperf会报出错提示：

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf -t UDP_STREAM  -H 192.168.130.20 -l 10
MIGRATED UDP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET
Socket  Message  Elapsed      Messages                
Size    Size     Time         Okay Errors   Throughput
bytes   bytes    secs            #      #   10^6bits/sec

212992   65507   10.01      131286      0    6874.75
212992           10.01           1              0.05

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf -t UDP_STREAM  -H 192.168.130.20 -l 10 -- -m 300000   # 超过socket的发送与接收缓冲大212992
MIGRATED UDP STREAM TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET
send_data: data send error: Message too long (errno 90)
netperf: send_omni: send_data failed: Message too long
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#

TCP_RR TCP_RR方式的测试对象是多次TCP request和response的交易过程

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf -t TCP_RR -H 192.168.130.20
MIGRATED TCP REQUEST/RESPONSE TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET : first burst 0
Local /Remote
Socket Size   Request  Resp.   Elapsed  Trans.
Send   Recv   Size     Size    Time     Rate         
bytes  Bytes  bytes    bytes   secs.    per sec   

16384  87380  1        1       10.00    8228.63   
16384  87380 
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#

我们可以通过测试相关的参数来改变request和response分组的大小，TCP_RR方式下的参数如下表所示：

参数	           说明
-r req,resp	设置request和reponse分组的大小
-s size	    设置本地系统的socket发送与接收缓冲大小
-S size	    设置远端系统的socket发送与接收缓冲大小
-D	        对本地与远端系统的socket设置TCP_NODELAY选项

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf -t TCP_RR -H 192.168.130.20 -- -r 64 64
MIGRATED TCP REQUEST/RESPONSE TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET : first burst 0
Local /Remote
Socket Size   Request  Resp.   Elapsed  Trans.
Send   Recv   Size     Size    Time     Rate         
bytes  Bytes  bytes    bytes   secs.    per sec   

16384  87380  64       64      10.00    8143.22   
16384  87380 
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#

TCP_CRR 与TCP_RR不同,TCP_CRR为每次交易建立一个新的TCP连接。

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf -t TCP_CRR -H 192.168.130.20
MIGRATED TCP Connect/Request/Response TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET
Local /Remote
Socket Size   Request  Resp.   Elapsed  Trans.
Send   Recv   Size     Size    Time     Rate         
bytes  Bytes  bytes    bytes   secs.    per sec   

16384  87380  1        1       10.00     899.38      # 数值明显比TCP_RR值小
16384  87380 
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#

UDP_RR UDP_RR方式使用UDP分组进行request/response的交易过程

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf -t UDP_RR -H 192.168.130.20
MIGRATED UDP REQUEST/RESPONSE TEST from 0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0) port 0 AF_INET to 192.168.130.20 () port 0 AF_INET : first burst 0
Local /Remote
Socket Size   Request  Resp.   Elapsed  Trans.
Send   Recv   Size     Size    Time     Rate         
bytes  Bytes  bytes    bytes   secs.    per sec   

212992 212992 1        1       10.00    8425.86   
212992 212992
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#

netperf --help

[root@xiesshavip001 ~]# netperf --help
netperf: invalid option -- '-'

Usage: netperf [global options] -- [test options] 

Global options:
    -a send,recv      Set the local send,recv buffer alignment
    -A send,recv      Set the remote send,recv buffer alignment
    -B brandstr       Specify a string to be emitted with brief output
    -c [cpu_rate]     Report local CPU usage
    -C [cpu_rate]     Report remote CPU usage
    -d                Increase debugging output
    -D time,[units] * Display interim results at least every time interval
                      using units as the initial guess for units per second
                      A negative value for time will make heavy use of the
                      system's timestamping functionality
    -f G|M|K|g|m|k    Set the output units
    -F lfill[,rfill]* Pre-fill buffers with data from specified file
    -h                Display this text
    -H name|ip,fam *  Specify the target machine and/or local ip and family
    -i max,min        Specify the max and min number of iterations (15,1)
    -I lvl[,intvl]    Specify confidence level (95 or 99) (99) 
                      and confidence interval in percentage (10)
    -j                Keep additional timing statistics
    -l testlen        Specify test duration (>0 secs) (<0 bytes|trans)
    -L name|ip,fam *  Specify the local ip|name and address family
    -o send,recv      Set the local send,recv buffer offsets
    -O send,recv      Set the remote send,recv buffer offset
    -n numcpu         Set the number of processors for CPU util
    -N                Establish no control connection, do 'send' side only
    -p port,lport*    Specify netserver port number and/or local port
    -P 0|1            Don't/Do display test headers
    -r                Allow confidence to be hit on result only
    -s seconds        Wait seconds between test setup and test start
    -S                Set SO_KEEPALIVE on the data connection
    -t testname       Specify test to perform
    -T lcpu,rcpu      Request netperf/netserver be bound to local/remote cpu
    -v verbosity      Specify the verbosity level
    -W send,recv      Set the number of send,recv buffers
    -v level          Set the verbosity level (default 1, min 0)
    -V                Display the netperf version and exit
    -y local,remote   Set the socket priority
    -Y local,remote   Set the IP_TOS. Use hexadecimal.
    -Z passphrase     Set and pass to netserver a passphrase

For those options taking two parms, at least one must be specified;
specifying one value without a comma will set both parms to that
value, specifying a value with a leading comma will set just the second
parm, a value with a trailing comma will set just the first. To set
each parm to unique values, specify both and separate them with a
comma.

* For these options taking two parms, specifying one value with no comma
will only set the first parms and will leave the second at the default
value. To set the second value it must be preceded with a comma or be a
comma-separated pair. This is to retain previous netperf behaviour.
[root@xiesshavip001 ~]#