How to mixin Underscore plugins in RequireJS?

问题

What is the right way to execute code on Underscore when it gets loaded? I am trying to execute the below code to extend the _ exported namespace automatically when modules require it:

_.mixin(_.str.exports());

The docs are a bit vague but I think I put it in the shim init section? I tried the below but I can't even get a breakpoint to hit in the init:

require.config({
    paths: {
        jquery: 'libs/jquery/jquery.min',
        underscore: 'libs/underscore/lodash.min',
        underscorestring: 'libs/underscore/underscore.string.min'
    },

    shim: {
        underscore: {
            exports: '_'
        }
        underscorestring: {
            deps: ['underscore'],
            init: function (_) {
                //Mixin plugin to namespace
                _.mixin(_.str.exports());

                return _;
            }
        }
    }
});

When I try to do this and use underscorestring, I get this error:

Uncaught TypeError: Object function s(e){return new o(e)} has no method 'startsWith'

Docs:

http://requirejs.org/docs/api.html#config-shim
http://requirejs.org/docs/api.html#config-callback

回答1:

I don't know if it's the correct way, but I got it working by inverting things so that underscore depends on underscore.string. Also, this way you don't have to require underscore.string.

require.config({
  shim: {
    'backbone': {
      deps: ['underscore', 'jquery'],
      exports: 'Backbone'
    },
    'underscore': {
      deps: ['underscore.string'],
      exports: '_',
      init: function(UnderscoreString) {
        _.mixin(UnderscoreString);
      }
    }
  },
  paths: {
    'backbone'          : 'lib/backbone',
    'jquery'            : 'lib/jquery/jquery',
    'text'              : 'lib/require/text',
    'underscore'        : 'lib/underscore',
    'underscore.string' : 'lib/underscore.string'
  }
});

Update: 3/14/2014

Underscore.js v1.6.0 brought back AMD compatibility and init() has been removed from RequireJS, so some refactoring is in order. To continue getting Underscore preloaded with Underscore.string I made a mixer module to pull them together.

_{New Require.js config}

requirejs.config({
  paths: {
    'backbone'            : '../lib/backbone/backbone',
    'backbone.base'       : '../lib/backbone/backbone.base',
    'backbone.extensions' : '../lib/backbone/backbone.extensions',
    'jquery'              : '../lib/jquery/jquery',
    'text'                : '../lib/require/text',
    'underscore'          : '../lib/underscore/underscore',
    'underscore.mixed'    : '../lib/underscore/underscore.mixed',
    'underscore.string'   : '../lib/underscore/underscore.string'
  },
  shim: {
    'backbone.base': {
      deps: ['underscore.mixed', 'jquery'],
      exports: 'Backbone'
    },
  }
});

_{underscore.mixed}

define([
  'underscore',
  'underscore.string'
], function(_, _s) {
  _.mixin(_s.exports());
  return _;
});

The final step is to replace all instances of 'underscore' with 'underscore.mixed' in module definitions. I attempted moving Underscore into a file named underscore.base.js and making the regular underscore the mixer (like the Backbone setup) to avoid this step. Underscore, being a named module, disagreed with the plan.

回答2:

Do you require underscorestring somewhere? Because if it isn't required, it won't be loaded. I managed to get it working with almost exactly the same code you posted:

require.config({
    paths: {
        underscore: [
            '//raw.github.com/documentcloud/underscore/master/underscore-min'
        ,   'lib/underscore'
        ]
    ,   underscorestring: 'https://raw.github.com/epeli/underscore.string/master/dist/underscore.string.min'
    }
,   shim: {
        underscore: { exports: '_' },
        underscorestring: {
            deps: ['underscore'],
            init: function(_) { 
                _.mixin(_.str.exports());
                return _; // guess, this is not needed.
            }
        }
    }
,   exclude: ['underscore']
});

require(['underscore', 'underscorestring'], function(_) {
    console.log( _.chars("i'm a happy string.") );
});

回答3:

Battling with this for hours before i understand what i was doing wrong

This is what i did wrong

You should not rename the file underscore.string in main.js

even though in my library i did rename the file in paths i name it back to 'underscore.string'

This is how your main.js should look like

require.config({
paths: {
    underscore: 'lib/underscore', 
    'underscore.string' : 'lib/_string' ,
},
shim: { 
    underscore: {
        exports: '_', 
        deps: [ 'jquery', 'jqueryui' ]
    }, 
    'underscore.string': { 
        deps: [ 'underscore' ]
    },
} 
....

You could then either add it as dependency with in your shim like i did for my mixin file

shim: { 
    mixin : {
        deps: [ 'jquery',  'underscore', 'underscore.string' , 'bootstrap'  ] 
    },

Or just define it in your different pages like

/*global define */
define([    
    'underscore.string'
], function ( ) {

it just work now you can access it through _.str or _.string

This is why you should do it this way and not try to name it something else

on line 663 of underscore.string.js

  // Register as a named module with AMD.
  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd)
    define('underscore.string', [], function(){ return _s; });

Which means that it will only register it with AMD require JS if you are defining 'underscore.string'

For Mix in you could just with define

 /*global define */
define([     
    'underscore',
    'underscore.string'
], function ( ) {   
  _.mixin(_.str.exports());

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13627376/how-to-mixin-underscore-plugins-in-requirejs

标签

javascript

asynchronous

requirejs

underscore.js

dynamic-script-loading