问题
I've got a routine that converts a file into a different format and saves it. The original datafiles were numbered, but my routine gives the output a filename based on an internal name found in the original.
I tried to batch-run it on a whole directory, and it worked fine until I hit one file whose internal name had a slash in it. Oops! And if it does that here, it could easily do it on other files. Is there an RTL (or WinAPI) routine somewhere that will sanitize a string and remove invalid symbols so it's safe to use as a filename?
回答1:
You can use PathGetCharType function, PathCleanupSpec function or the following trick:
function IsValidFilePath(const FileName: String): Boolean;
var
S: String;
I: Integer;
begin
Result := False;
S := FileName;
repeat
I := LastDelimiter('\/', S);
MoveFile(nil, PChar(S));
if (GetLastError = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) or
(
(GetFileAttributes(PChar(Copy(S, I + 1, MaxInt))) = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
and
(GetLastError=ERROR_INVALID_NAME)
) then
Exit;
if I>0 then
S := Copy(S,1,I-1);
until I = 0;
Result := True;
end;
This code divides string into parts and uses MoveFile to verify each part. MoveFile will fail for invalid characters or reserved file names (like 'COM') and return success or ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS for valid file name.
PathCleanupSpec is in the Jedi Windows API under Win32API/JwaShlObj.pas
回答2:
Regarding the question whether there is any API function to sanitize a file a name (or even check for its validity) - there seems to be none. Quoting from the comment on the PathSearchAndQualify() function:
There does not appear to be any Windows API that will validate a path entered by the user; this is left as an an ad hoc exercise for each application.
So you can only consult the rules for file name validity from File Names, Paths, and Namespaces (Windows):
Use almost any character in the current code page for a name, including Unicode characters and characters in the extended character set (128–255), except for the following:
- The following reserved characters are not allowed:
< > : " / \ | ? * - Characters whose integer representations are in the range from zero through 31 are not allowed.
- Any other character that the target file system does not allow.
- The following reserved characters are not allowed:
Do not use the following reserved device names for the name of a file:
CON,PRN,AUX,NUL,COM1..COM9,LPT1..LPT9.
Also avoid these names followed immediately by an extension; for example,NUL.txtis not recommended.
If you know that your program will only ever write to NTFS file systems you can probably be sure that there are no other characters that the file system does not allow, so you would only have to check that the file name is not too long (use the MAX_PATH constant) after all invalid chars have been removed (or replaced by underscores, for example).
A program should also make sure that the file name sanitizing has not lead to file name conflicts and it silently overwrites other files which ended up with the same name.
回答3:
{
CleanFileName
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given an input string strip any chars that would result
in an invalid file name. This should just be passed the
filename not the entire path because the slashes will be
stripped. The function ensures that the resulting string
does not hae multiple spaces together and does not start
or end with a space. If the entire string is removed the
result would not be a valid file name so an error is raised.
}
function CleanFileName(const InputString: string): string;
var
i: integer;
ResultWithSpaces: string;
begin
ResultWithSpaces := InputString;
for i := 1 to Length(ResultWithSpaces) do
begin
// These chars are invalid in file names.
case ResultWithSpaces[i] of
'/', '\', ':', '*', '?', '"', '<', '>', '|', ' ', #$D, #$A, #9:
// Use a * to indicate a duplicate space so we can remove
// them at the end.
{$WARNINGS OFF} // W1047 Unsafe code 'String index to var param'
if (i > 1) and
((ResultWithSpaces[i - 1] = ' ') or (ResultWithSpaces[i - 1] = '*')) then
ResultWithSpaces[i] := '*'
else
ResultWithSpaces[i] := ' ';
{$WARNINGS ON}
end;
end;
// A * indicates duplicate spaces. Remove them.
result := ReplaceStr(ResultWithSpaces, '*', '');
// Also trim any leading or trailing spaces
result := Trim(Result);
if result = '' then
begin
raise(Exception.Create('Resulting FileName was empty Input string was: '
+ InputString));
end;
end;
回答4:
Check if string has invalid chars; solution from here:
//test if a "fileName" is a valid Windows file name
//Delphi >= 2005 version
function IsValidFileName(const fileName : string) : boolean;
const
InvalidCharacters : set of char = ['\', '/', ':', '*', '?', '"', '<', '>', '|'];
var
c : char;
begin
result := fileName <> '';
if result then
begin
for c in fileName do
begin
result := NOT (c in InvalidCharacters) ;
if NOT result then break;
end;
end;
end; (* IsValidFileName *)
And, for strings returning False, you could do something simple like this for each invalid character:
var
before, after : string;
begin
before := 'i am a rogue file/name';
after := StringReplace(before, '/', '',
[rfReplaceAll, rfIgnoreCase]);
ShowMessage('Before = '+before);
ShowMessage('After = '+after);
end;
// Before = i am a rogue file/name
// After = i am a rogue filename
回答5:
For anyone else reading this and wanting to use PathCleanupSpec, I wrote this test routine which seems to work... there is a definate lack of examples on the 'net. You need to include ShlObj.pas (not sure when PathCleanupSpec was added but I tested this in Delphi 2010) You will also need to check for XP sp2 or higher
procedure TMainForm.btnTestClick(Sender: TObject);
var
Path: array [0..MAX_PATH - 1] of WideChar;
Filename: array[0..MAX_PATH - 1] of WideChar;
ReturnValue: integer;
DebugString: string;
begin
StringToWideChar('a*dodgy%\filename.$&^abc',FileName, MAX_PATH);
StringToWideChar('C:\',Path, MAX_PATH);
ReturnValue:= PathCleanupSpec(Path,Filename);
DebugString:= ('Cleaned up filename:'+Filename+#13+#10);
if (ReturnValue and $80000000)=$80000000 then
DebugString:= DebugString+'Fatal result. The cleaned path is not a valid file name'+#13+#10;
if (ReturnValue and $00000001)=$00000001 then
DebugString:= DebugString+'Replaced one or more invalid characters'+#13+#10;
if (ReturnValue and $00000002)=$00000002 then
DebugString:= DebugString+'Removed one or more invalid characters'+#13+#10;
if (ReturnValue and $00000004)=$00000004 then
DebugString:= DebugString+'The returned path is truncated'+#13+#10;
if (ReturnValue and $00000008)=$00000008 then
DebugString:= DebugString+'The input path specified at pszDir is too long to allow the formation of a valid file name from pszSpec'+#13;
ShowMessage(DebugString);
end;
回答6:
Well, the easy thing is to use a regex and your favourite language's version of gsub to replace anything that's not a "word character." This character class would be "\w" in most languages with Perl-like regexes, or "[A-Za-z0-9]" as a simple option otherwise.
Particularly, in contrast to some of the examples in other answers, you don't want to look for invalid characters to remove, but look for valid characters to keep. If you're looking for invalid characters, you're always vulnerable to the introduction of new characters, but if you're looking for only valid ones, you might be slightly less inefficient (in that you replaced a character you didn't really need to), but at least you'll never be wrong.
Now, if you want to make the new version as much like the old as possible, you might consider replacement. Instead of deleting, you can substitute a character or characters you know to be ok. But doing that is an interesting enough problem that it's probably a good topic for another question.
回答7:
I did this:
// Initialized elsewhere...
string folder;
string name;
var prepl = System.IO.Path.GetInvalidPathChars();
var frepl = System.IO.Path.GetInvalidFileNameChars();
foreach (var c in prepl)
{
folder = folder.Replace(c,'_');
name = name.Replace(c, '_');
}
foreach (var c in frepl)
{
folder = folder.Replace(c, '_');
name = name.Replace(c, '_');
}
回答8:
// for all platforms (Windows\Unix), uses IOUtils.
function ReplaceInvalidFileNameChars(const aFileName: string; const aReplaceWith: Char = '_'): string;
var
i: integer;
begin
Result := aFileName;
for i := Low(Result) to High(Result) do
if not TPath.IsValidFileNameChar(Result[i]) then
Result[i] := aReplaceWith;
end;
end.
回答9:
Try this on a modern delphi:
use System.IOUtils;
...
result := TPath.HasValidFileNameChars(FileName, False)
I allows also to have german umlauts or other chars like -, _,.. in a filename.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/960772/how-can-i-sanitize-a-string-for-use-as-a-filename