How do you map-replace characters in Javascript similar to the 'tr' function in Perl?

问题

I\'ve been trying to figure out how to map a set of characters in a string to another set similar to the tr function in Perl.

I found this site that shows equivalent functions in JS and Perl, but sadly no tr equivalent.

the tr (transliteration) function in Perl maps characters one to one, so

     data =~ tr|\\-_|+/|;

would map

     - => + and _ => /

How can this be done efficiently in JavaScript?

回答1:

There isn't a built-in equivalent, but you can get close to one with replace:

data = data.replace(/[\-_]/g, function (m) {
    return {
        '-': '+',
        '_': '/'
    }[m];
});

回答2:

I can't vouch for 'efficient' but this uses a regex and a callback to provide the replacement character.

function tr( text, search, replace ) {
    // Make the search string a regex.
    var regex = RegExp( '[' + search + ']', 'g' );
    var t = text.replace( regex, 
            function( chr ) {
                // Get the position of the found character in the search string.
                var ind = search.indexOf( chr );
                // Get the corresponding character from the replace string.
                var r = replace.charAt( ind );
                return r;
            } );
    return t;
}

For long strings of search and replacement characters, it might be worth putting them in a hash and have the function return from that. ie, tr/abcd/QRST/ becomes the hash { a: Q, b: R, c: S, d: T } and the callback returns hash[ chr ].

回答3:

Method:

String.prototype.mapReplace = function(map) {
    var regex = [];
    for(var key in map)
        regex.push(key.replace(/[\-\[\]\/\{\}\(\)\*\+\?\.\\\^\$\|]/g, "\\$&"));
    return this.replace(new RegExp(regex.join('|'),"g"),function(word){
        return map[word];
    });
};

A perfect example:

var s = "I think Peak rocks!"
s.mapReplace({"I think":"Actually","rocks":"sucks"})
// console: "Actually Peak sucks!"

回答4:

This will map all as to b and all y to z

var map = { a: 'b', y: 'z' };
var str = 'ayayay';

for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++)
    str[i] = map[str[i]] || str[i];

EDIT:

Apparently you can't do that with strings. Here's an alternative:

var map = { a: 'b', y: 'z' };
var str = 'ayayay', str2 = [];

for (var i = 0; i < str.length; i++)
    str2.push( map[str[i]] || str[i] );
str2.join('');

回答5:

This functions, which are similar how it's built in Perl.

function s(a, b){ $_ = $_.replace(a, b); }
function tr(a, b){ [...a].map((c, i) => s(new RegExp(c, "g"), b[i])); }

$_ = "Εμπεδοκλης ο Ακραγαντινος";

tr("ΑΒΓΔΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΩ", "ABGDEZITIKLMNOPRSTIFHO");
tr("αβγδεζηθικλμνοπρστυφχω", "abgdezitiklmnoprstifho");
s(/Ξ/g, "X"); s(/Ψ/g, "Ps");
s(/ξ/g, "x"); s(/ψ/g, "Ps");
s(/ς/g, "s");

console.log($_);

回答6:

In Perl, one can also write

tr{-_}{+/}

as

my %trans = (
   '-' => '+',
   '_' => '/',
);

my $class = join '', map quotemeta, keys(%trans);
my $re = qr/[$class]/;

s/($re)/$trans{$1}/g;

This latter version can surely be implemented in JS without much trouble.

(My version lacks the duplication of Jonathan Lonowski's solution.)

回答7:

I wanted a function that allows passing a custom map object, so I wrote one based on Jonathan Lonowski's answer. If you are trying to replace special characters (the kind that need to be escaped in regular expressions) you'll have to do some more work.

const mapReplace = (str, map) => {
  const matchStr = Object.keys(map).join('|');
  if (!matchStr) return str;
  const regexp = new RegExp(matchStr, 'g');
  return str.replace(regexp, match => map[match]);
};

And it's used like this:

const map = { a: 'A', b: 'B', d: 'D' };
mapReplace('abcde_edcba', map);
// ABcDe_eDcBA

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10726638/how-do-you-map-replace-characters-in-javascript-similar-to-the-tr-function-in