https://www.cnblogs.com/CobwebSong/p/9593313.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/linzhanfly/p/9686941.html
一 概述
name | type | description |
---|---|---|
Consumer | Consumer< T > | 接收T对象,不返回值 |
Predicate | Predicate< T > | 接收T对象并返回boolean |
Function | Function< T, R > | 接收T对象,返回R对象 |
Supplier | Supplier< T > | 提供T对象(例如工厂),不接收值 |
UnaryOperator | UnaryOperator< T > | 接收T对象,返回T对象 |
BiConsumer | BiConsumer<T, U> | 接收T对象和U对象,不返回值 |
BiPredicate | BiPredicate<T, U> | 接收T对象和U对象,返回boolean |
BiFunction | BiFunction<T, U, R> | 接收T对象和U对象,返回R对象 |
BinaryOperator | BinaryOperator< T > | 接收两个T对象,返回T对象 |
参考:https://blog.csdn.net/huo065000/article/details/78964382
二 Consumer
1 作用
- 消费某个对象
2 使用场景
- Iterable接口的forEach方法需要传入Consumer,大部分集合类都实现了该接口,用于返回Iterator对象进行迭代。
3 设计思想
- 开发者调用ArrayList.forEach时,一般希望自定义遍历的消费逻辑,比如:输出日志或者运算处理等。
- 处理逻辑留给使用者,使用灵活多变。
- 多变的逻辑能够封装成一个类(实现Consumer接口),将逻辑提取出来。
PASS:Javascript能够将函数传递给另一个函数,这应该算是函数式编程的一个体现,java的function包中的类也是类似的。
public interface Iterable<T> { default void forEach(Consumer<? super T> action) { Objects.requireNonNull(action); for (T t : this) { action.accept(t); } } }
4 DEMO
public class ConsumerTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>(); String[] prefix = {"A", "B"}; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) employees.add(new Employee(prefix[i % 2] + i, i * 1000)); employees.forEach(new SalaryConsumer()); employees.forEach(new NameConsumer()); } static class Employee { private String name; private int salary; public Employee() { this.salary = 4000; } public Employee(String name, int salary) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(int salary) { this.salary = salary; } @Override public String toString() { return new StringBuilder() .append("name:").append(name) .append(",salary:").append(salary) .toString(); } } // 输出需要交税的员工 static class SalaryConsumer implements Consumer<Employee> { @Override public void accept(Employee employee) { if (employee.getSalary() > 2000) { System.out.println(employee.getName() + "要交税了."); } } } // 输出需要名字前缀是‘A’的员工信息 static class NameConsumer implements Consumer<Employee> { @Override public void accept(Employee employee) { if (employee.getName().startsWith("A")) { System.out.println(employee.getName() + " salary is " + employee.getSalary()); } } } }
三 Predicate
1 作用
- 判断对象是否符合某个条件
2 使用场景
ArrayList的removeIf(Predicate):删除符合条件的元素
如果条件硬编码在ArrayList中,它将提供无数的实现,但是如果让调用者传入条件,这样ArrayList就可以从复杂和无法猜测的业务中解放出来。
3 设计思想
- 提取条件,让条件从处理逻辑脱离出来,解耦合
4 DEMO
// employee.getSalary() > 2000 提取成一个条件类 class SalaryConsumer implements Consumer<Employee> { @Override public void accept(Employee employee) { // 自行传入本地的最低交税工资 if (new SalaryPredicate(2000).test(employee)) { System.out.println(employee.getName() + "要交税了."); } } } class SalaryPredicate implements Predicate<Employee>{ private int tax; public SalaryPredicate(int tax) { this.tax = tax; } @Override public boolean test(Employee employee) { return employee.getSalary() > tax; } }
三 Function
1 作用
- 实现一个”一元函数“,即传入一个值经过函数的计算返回另一个值。
2 使用场景
- V HashMap.computeIfAbsent(K , Function<K, V>) // 简化代码,如果指定的键尚未与值关联或与null关联,使用函数返回值替换。
- <R> Stream<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper); // 转换流
3 设计思想
- 一元函数的思想,将转换逻辑提取出来,解耦合
4 DEMO
public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>(); String[] prefix = {"B", "A"}; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) employees.add(new Employee(prefix[i % 2] + i, i * 1000)); int[] expenses = ListToArray(employees, new EmployeeToExpenses());// 公司对单个员工的支出数组 int[] incomes = ListToArray(employees, new EmployeeToIncome()); // 单个员工的收入数组 System.out.println("社保+公积金+税=" + (sum(expenses) - sum(incomes)) + "元"); } private static int[] ListToArray(List<Employee> list, Function<Employee, Integer> function) { int[] ints = new int[list.size()]; for (int i = 0; i < ints.length; i++) ints[i] = function.apply(list.get(i)); return ints; } private static int sum(int[] salarys) { int sum = 0; for (int i = 0; i < salarys.length; i++) sum += salarys[i]; return sum; } // 公司支出 static class EmployeeToExpenses implements Function<Employee, Integer> { @Override public Integer apply(Employee employee) { // 假设公司公积金和社保为工资的20% return Double.valueOf(employee.getSalary() * (1 + 0.2)).intValue(); } } // 员工实际到手工资 static class EmployeeToIncome implements Function<Employee, Integer> { @Override public Integer apply(Employee employee) { // 假设员工薪水 * 80% 为到手工资 return Double.valueOf(employee.getSalary() * (1 - 0.2)).intValue(); } }
四 Supplier
1 作用
- 创建一个对象(工厂类)
2 使用场景
- Optional.orElseGet(Supplier<? extends T>):当this对象为null,就通过传入supplier创建一个T返回。
3 设计思想
- 封装工厂创建对象的逻辑
4 DEMO
public static void main(String[] args) { // 生成固定工资的员工 Supplier<Employee> supplier = () -> new Employee(); Employee employee1 = supplier.get(); employee1.setName("test1"); Employee employee2 = supplier.get(); employee2.setName("test2"); System.out.println("employee1:" + employee1); System.out.println("employee2:" + employee2); }
五 UnaryOperator
1 作用
- UnaryOperator继承了Function,与Function作用相同
- 不过UnaryOperator,限定了传入类型和返回类型必需相同
2 使用场景
- List.replaceAll(UnaryOperator) // 该列表的所有元素替换为运算结算元素
- Stream.iterate(T,UnaryOperator) // 重复对seed调用UnaryOperator来生成元素
3 设计思想
- 一元函数的思想,将同类转换逻辑提取出来,解耦合
4 DEMO
public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>(); String[] prefix = {"B", "A"}; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) employees.add(new Employee(prefix[i % 2] + i, i * 1000)); System.o ut.println("公司进行薪资调整..."); salaryAdjustment(employees,new SalaryAdjustment(4000)); employees.forEach(System.out::println); } static void salaryAdjustment(List<Employee> list, UnaryOperator<Employee> operator) { for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { list.set(i, operator.apply(list.get(i))); } } static class SalaryAdjustment implements UnaryOperator<Employee> { private int salary; public SalaryAdjustment(int salary) { this.salary = salary; } @Override public Employee apply(Employee employee) { employee.setSalary(salary); return employee; } }