How to ensure that a python dict keys are lowercase?

问题

I have a dict that I want to convert in JSON using simplejson.

How can I ensure that all the keys of my dict are lowercase ?

    {
        "DISTANCE": 17.059918745802999, 
        "name": "Foo Bar", 
        "Restaurant": {
            "name": "Foo Bar", 
            "full_address": {
                "country": "France", 
                "street": "Foo Bar", 
                "zip_code": "68190", 
                "city": "UNGERSHEIM"
            }, 
            "phone": "+33.389624300", 
            "longitude": "7.3064454", 
            "latitude": "47.8769091", 
            "id": "538"
        }, 
        "price": "", 
        "composition": "", 
        "profils": {}, 
        "type_menu": "", 
        "ID": ""
    },

EDIT: Thanks all to had a look at my question, I am sorry I didn't explain in detailed why I wanted this. It was to patch the JSONEmitter of django-piston.

回答1:

>>> d = {"your": "DATA", "FROM": "above"}
>>> dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in d.iteritems())
{'from': 'above', 'your': 'DATA'}
>>> def lower_keys(x):
...   if isinstance(x, list):
...     return [lower_keys(v) for v in x]
...   elif isinstance(x, dict):
...     return dict((k.lower(), lower_keys(v)) for k, v in x.iteritems())
...   else:
...     return x
...
>>> lower_keys({"NESTED": {"ANSWER": 42}})
{'nested': {'answer': 42}}

回答2:

Here is a solution that forbids setting a lowercase key:

class LowerCaseDict(dict):
    def __setitem__(self, key, val):
        if not key.islower():
            raise TypeError, "%s key must be lowercase" % key
        dict.__setitem__(self, key, val)

ld = LowerCaseDict()
ld['g']='g'

回答3:

Here is my solution :

def lower_key(in_dict):
    if type(in_dict) is dict:
        out_dict = {}
        for key, item in in_dict.items():
            out_dict[key.lower()] = lower_key(item)
        return out_dict
    elif type(in_dict) is list:
        return [lower_key(obj) for obj in in_dict]
    else:
        return in_dict

回答4:

Since you have not mentioned clearly what you want to do:

Convert all keys to lowercase:

>>> y = dict((k.lower(), v) for k, v in x.iteritems())

Check for keys:

>>> for k in x.iterkeys():
    if k.islower():
        print k, 'True'
    else:
        print k, 'False'

回答5:

If you just want to check if they're all lowercase (your wording, using "ensure", is not clear, but I suspect this isn't what you want), you can do that compactly in one line:

all(k.islower() for k in x.iterkeys())

回答6:

Here is a complete solution

from requests import CaseInsensitiveDict

Or if you want to see the code:

class CaseInsensitiveDict(dict):

    """Basic case insensitive dict with strings only keys."""

    proxy = {}

    def __init__(self, data):
        self.proxy = dict((k.lower(), k) for k in data)
        for k in data:
            self[k] = data[k]

    def __contains__(self, k):
        return k.lower() in self.proxy

    def __delitem__(self, k):
        key = self.proxy[k.lower()]
        super(CaseInsensitiveDict, self).__delitem__(key)
        del self.proxy[k.lower()]

    def __getitem__(self, k):
        key = self.proxy[k.lower()]
        return super(CaseInsensitiveDict, self).__getitem__(key)

    def get(self, k, default=None):
        return self[k] if k in self else default

    def __setitem__(self, k, v):
        super(CaseInsensitiveDict, self).__setitem__(k, v)
        self.proxy[k.lower()] = k

回答7:

You could use python-benedict (a dict subclass) and standardize your instance to convert all string keys to snake_case.

from benedict import benedict

d = benedict({
    "DISTANCE": 17.059918745802999, 
    "name": "Foo Bar", 
    "Restaurant": {
        "name": "Foo Bar", 
        "full_address": {
            "country": "France", 
            "street": "Foo Bar", 
            "zip_code": "68190", 
            "city": "UNGERSHEIM"
        }, 
        "phone": "+33.389624300", 
        "longitude": "7.3064454", 
        "latitude": "47.8769091", 
        "id": "538"
    }, 
    "price": "", 
    "composition": "", 
    "profils": {}, 
    "type_menu": "", 
    "ID": ""
})

# convert all string keys to snake_case (nested dict keys included)
d.standardize()

and your dict will become:

{
    "distance": 17.059918745802999, 
    "name": "Foo Bar", 
    "restaurant": {
        "name": "Foo Bar", 
        "full_address": {
            "country": "France", 
            "street": "Foo Bar", 
            "zip_code": "68190", 
            "city": "UNGERSHEIM"
        }, 
        "phone": "+33.389624300", 
        "longitude": "7.3064454", 
        "latitude": "47.8769091", 
        "id": "538"
    }, 
    "price": "", 
    "composition": "", 
    "profils": {}, 
    "type_menu": "", 
    "id": ""
})

Installation: pip install python-benedict

Documentation: https://github.com/fabiocaccamo/python-benedict

回答8:

another adaptation to handle the values:

def lower_keys(x):
        if isinstance(x, str):
                return (x.lower())
        if isinstance(x, list):
                return [lower_keys(v) for v in x]
        elif isinstance(x, dict):
                return dict((k.lower(), lower_keys(v)) for k, v in x.items())
        else:
                return x

来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4223654/how-to-ensure-that-a-python-dict-keys-are-lowercase