问题
I am running the 32bit version of Ubuntu 10.10 and trying to cross compile to a 64 bit target. Based on my research, I have installed the g++-multilib package.
The program is a very simple hello world:
#include <iostream>
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
std::cout << \"hello world\" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
Compile:
g++ -m64 main.cpp
Error:
In file included from main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/iostream:39: fatal error: bits/c++config.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
I have found a c++config.h file but they reside under the i486-linux-gnu and i686-linux-gnu directories in /usr/include/c++/4.4/ There is not c++config.h in /usr/include/c++/bits.
Any ideas on what I am missing? Compiling without the -m64 flag works fine (a.out is created and runs correctly).
Edit Thanks to the hint from @nightcracker, I did a little more investigation into the include structure on the 32 and 64 bit systems. I have added an answer below that \"fixes\" the problem temporarily but I think it will break on the next update. Basically, I am missing a directory called /usr/include/c++/4.4/i686-linux-gnu/64 that should contain a subdirectory called bits that has the missing include file. Any idea what package should be taking care of this?
回答1:
Adding this answer partially because it fixed my problem of the same issue and so I can bookmark this question myself.
I was able to fix it by doing the following:
sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib
If you've installed a version of gcc / g++ that doesn't ship by default (such as g++-4.8 on lucid) you'll want to match the version as well:
sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8-multilib g++-4.8-multilib
回答2:
Did you try adding -I/usr/include/c++/4.4/i486-linux-gnu or -I/usr/include/c++/4.4/i686-linux-gnu?
回答3:
While compiling in RHEL 6.2 (x86_64), I installed both 32bit and 64bit libstdc++-dev packages, but I had the "c++config.h no such file or directory" problem.
Resolution:
The directory /usr/include/c++/4.4.6/x86_64-redhat-linux was missing.
I did the following:
cd /usr/include/c++/4.4.6/
mkdir x86_64-redhat-linux
cd x86_64-redhat-linux
ln -s ../i686-redhat-linux 32
I'm now able to compile 32bit binaries on a 64bit OS.
回答4:
Seems to be a typo error in that package of gcc. The solution:
mv /usr/include/c++/4.x/i486-linux-gnu /usr/include/c++/4.x/i686-linux-gnu/64
回答5:
On my 64 bit system I noticed that the following directory existed:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/x86_64-linux-gnu/32/bits
It would then make sense that on my 32 bit system that had been setup for 64bit cross compiling there should be a corresponding directory like:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/i686-linux-gnu/64/bits
I double checked and this directory did not exist. Running g++ with the verbose parameter showed that the compiler was actually looking for something in this location:
jesse@shalored:~/projects/test$ g++ -v -m64 main.cpp
Using built-in specs.
Target: i686-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-shared --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --with-sysroot=/ --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-objc-gc --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-tune=generic --enable-checking=release --build=i686-linux-gnu --host=i686-linux-gnu --target=i686-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.5 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-m64' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic'
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.4.5/cc1plus -quiet -v -imultilib 64 -D_GNU_SOURCE main.cpp -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -quiet -dumpbase main.cpp -m64 -mtune=generic -auxbase main -version -fstack-protector -o /tmp/ccMvIfFH.s
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/include/c++/4.4/i686-linux-gnu/64"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.4.5/../../../../i686-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/include/c++/4.4
/usr/include/c++/4.4/backward
/usr/local/include
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.4.5/include
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-linux-gnu/4.4.5/include-fixed
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C++ (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.4.4-14ubuntu5) version 4.4.5 (i686-linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 4.4.5, GMP version 4.3.2, MPFR version 3.0.0-p3.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=98 --param ggc-min-heapsize=128197
Compiler executable checksum: 1fe36891f4a5f71e4a498e712867261c
In file included from main.cpp:1:
/usr/include/c++/4.4/iostream:39: fatal error: bits/c++config.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
The error regarding the ignoring nonexistent directory was the clue. Unfortunately, I still don't know what package I need to install to have this directory show up so I just copied the /usr/include/c++/4.4/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits directory from my 64 bit machine to /usr/include/c++/4.4/i686-linux-gnu/64/bits on my 32 machine.
Now compiling with just the -m64 works correctly. The major drawback is that this is still not the correct way to do things and I am guessing the next time Update Manager installs and update to g++ things may break.
回答6:
This bug is fixed in "gcc-4.6".
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gcc-4.5/+bug/793411
回答7:
Basically It is used in HeapOverflows or other reversing type Problems i.e. If you want to change a 64 bit ELF to 32 bit ELF and it is showing error while converting.
You can simply run the commands
apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib
which will update your libraries Packages upgraded:
The following additional packages will be installed: g++-8-multilib gcc-8-multilib lib32asan5 lib32atomic1 lib32gcc-8-dev lib32gomp1 lib32itm1 lib32mpx2 lib32quadmath0 lib32stdc++-8-dev lib32ubsan1 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dbg libc6-dev libc6-dev-i386 libc6-dev-x32 libc6-i386 libc6-x32 libx32asan5 libx32atomic1 libx32gcc-8-dev libx32gcc1 libx32gomp1 libx32itm1 libx32quadmath0 libx32stdc++-8-dev libx32stdc++6 libx32ubsan1 Suggested packages: lib32stdc++6-8-dbg libx32stdc++6-8-dbg glibc-doc The following NEW packages will be installed: g++-8-multilib g++-multilib gcc-8-multilib gcc-multilib lib32asan5 lib32atomic1 lib32gcc-8-dev lib32gomp1 lib32itm1 lib32mpx2 lib32quadmath0 lib32stdc++-8-dev lib32ubsan1 libc6-dev-i386 libc6-dev-x32 libc6-x32 libx32asan5 libx32atomic1 libx32gcc-8-dev libx32gcc1 libx32gomp1 libx32itm1 libx32quadmath0 libx32stdc++-8-dev libx32stdc++6 libx32ubsan1
similar to this will be shown to your terminal
回答8:
From my experience, sudo apt-get install gcc-multilib g++-multilib helps. But my another issue is that I FORGET to clean the directory so I still get the same error. It is the first time to use clang or cmake. So I just delete my original directory and re-compile and it works. Hope it helps someone like me.
来源：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4643197/missing-include-bits-cconfig-h-when-cross-compiling-64-bit-program-on-32-bit